Levels of the Oxidative Stress Marker γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase at Different Stages of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Irie, Makoto; Sohda, Tetsuro; Iwata, Kazuo; Kunimoto, Hideo; Fukunaga, Atsushi; Kuno, Shizuka; Yotsumoto, Kaoru; Sakurai, Kunitoshi; Iwashita, Hiroshi; Hirano, Genryu; Ueda, Syuichi; Yokoyama, Keiji; Morihara, Daisuke; Nishizawa, Shinya; Anan, Akira; Takeyama, Yoshifumi; Sakamoto, Masaharu; Shakado, Satoshi; Sakisaka, Shotaro

doi:10.1177/147323001204000311

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…26,27 This would further prevent the possibility of incurring irreparable damage and injury to the liver and liver function. 28,29 There has been some suggestion that high doses of proanthocyanidins can actually cause celluar toxicity. 30 However, these studies have so far been limited to showing these toxic effects directly on cultured cells, and evidence for in vivo effects of ingested proanthocyanidins from foods remains to be determined.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Properties of Proanthocyanidins Attenuate Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)–Induced Steatosis and Liver Injury in Rats via CYP2E1 Regulation

Dai

Zou

Zhu

et al. 2014

Journal of Medicinal Food

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Liver steatosis is characterized by lipid dysregulation and fat accumulation in the liver and can lead to oxidative stress in liver. Since proanthocyanidins are present in plant-based foods and have powerful antioxidant properties, we investigated whether proanthocyanidins can prevent oxidative stress and subsequent liver injury. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment can cause steatosis in rats that models both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in humans. We pre-treated rats by oral administration of proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds 7 days prior to intragastrically administering CCl4. Proanthocyanidin treatment continued for an additional 2 weeks, after which time liver and serum were harvested, and mediators of liver injury, oxidative stress, and histological features were evaluated. CCl4-treated rats exhibited significant increases in the following parameters as compared to non-treated rats: fat droplets in the liver, liver injury (ALT, AST), and DNA damage (8-OHdG). Additionally, CCl4 treatment decreased antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH, GPX, and CAT in the liver due to their rapid depletion after battling against oxidative stress. Compared to CCl4-treated rats, treatment with proanthocyanidins effectively suppressed lipid accumulation, liver injury, DNA damage, as well as restored antioxidant enzyme levels. Further investigation revealed that proanthocyanidins treatment also inhibited expression of CYP2E1 in liver, which prevented the initial step of generating free radicals from CCl4. The data presented here show that treatment with orally administered proanthocyanidins prevented liver injury in the CCl4-induced steatosis model, likely through exerting antioxidant actions to suppress oxidative stress and inhibiting the free radical-generating CYP2E1 enzyme.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Properties of Proanthocyanidins Attenuate Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)–Induced Steatosis and Liver Injury in Rats via CYP2E1 Regulation

Dai

Zou

Zhu

et al. 2014

Journal of Medicinal Food

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“…The normal level of GGT was 11-50U/L at 37°C [15,18]. The GGT level in serum was measured by using the Qualigent GGT kit [19]. .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dyslipidaemia in the form of hypertriglyceridaemia, is an important cause of fatty liver [19]. The hepatitis-B and hepatitis-C infections, as causes, were found in 16% (8) and 2% (1) of the cases.…”

Section: Causes Of High Ggt Value Cases No(%) N=50mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The normal level of GGT was 11-50U/L at 37°C [15,18]. The GGT level in serum was measured by using the Qualigent GGT kit [19].An ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of Srinivasa Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mukka, Mangalore (Ref.No.:SIMSRC/IEC/RP7/13). Written consents were obtained from all the participants after explaining to them in their own language about the study, the methods which would used on them and the risks which were involved.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase - A Non invasive Diagnostic Bio Marker of Chronic Anicteric Non Alcoholic Liver Diseases

Krishnamurthy

2013

JCDR

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Background: The serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels rise and return to normal levels later in the chronic anicteric non alcoholic liver diseases than the transaminases levels. So, the estimation of GGT is of some value in monitoring the progress of acute to chronic hepatitis, when the values persist in high levels. Aims and Objectives:To evaluate the serum GGT levels in patients with chronic anicteric non alcoholic liver diseases and to show that it can be used as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for the diagnosis of chronic anicteric non alcoholic liver disorders. Materials and Methods:This was a case control study, in which 50 cases and 50 controls were selected.The liver function tests with a special reference to the serum level of GGT were measured in the laboratory for both the cases and the controls and the serum GGT levels of the cases were compared with those of the controls. The Chi-square and the Fisher exact tests were used to find the significance of the proportions of the study parameters between the cases and the controls. The Student's t test (two tailed) was used to find the significance mean pattern of the study parameters between the cases and the controls. Results:The mean serum GGT level was 38.73±11 IU/L in the cases and in the controls, it was 20.42±9 IU/L(p<0.001). The mean value of serum ALT was 41.37±12.5 vs 16.3±8iu/ l(p<0.001), that of AST was 28.14±8 vs 17.56±8.5iu/l(p<0.05), that of total bilirubin was 0.9±0.3 vs 0.5±0.2mg/dl and that of serum albumin was 4.17±0.6 vs 4.5±0.75gm/dl, as were seen in the cases and the controls respectively. Conclusion:The serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase level was elevated more consistently along with the alanine transaminase level in all types of anicteric nonalcoholic chronic liver diseases. The alanine transminase level has already been proved to be a marker in the diagnosis of chronic anicteric nonalcoholic liver diseases. So, in view of the persistent elevation, along with the high sensitivity, the elevated gamma glutamyl transpeptidase level can also be used as a noninvasive bio marker of chronic anicteric nonalcoholic liver diseases for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. InTROduCTIOnChronic liver disease is defined as a series of liver disorders with varying aetiologies and severities, with which hepatic inflammation and necrosis continue for at least 6 months [1]. A variety of biochemical parameters like serum bilirubin, serum proteins, transaminases, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), prothrombin time, etc are evaluated to assess the liver cell damage [2]. The hydrolysis of glutathione is mainly done by gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, which is a membrane bound glycoprotein and it also catalyses the transfer of the glutamyl groups from one peptide to another [3,4]. The GGT activity is considered as a sensitive index of the hepatobiliary dysfunction than alkaline phosphatase, due to its presence in the microsomes and the plasma membranes of hepatocytes [5,6].The gamma glutamyl transferase levels rise and return t...

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“…In fact, in many clinical studies, elevated systemic markers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation have been found in patients with NAFLD [53][54][55][56][57][58][59] . Recently, in two studies carried out in patients with NAFLD [60,61] , we found increased oxidative stress in vivo, by measuring urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), which derives from the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid [62] , and serum levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), which is an indicator of NOX2 activation, a NADPH oxidase isoform involved in ROS generation [63,64] .…”

Section: Imtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress: New insights on the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis

Polimeni

Ben

Baratta

et al. 2015

WJH

173

137

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common and emerging chronic liver disease worldwide. It includes a wide spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to fibrosis and more severe liver complications such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver mortality. NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, and is now regarded as the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The increased mortality of patients with NAFLD is primarily a result of cardiovascular disease and, to a lesser extent, to liver related diseases. Increased oxidative stress has been reported in both patients with NAFLD and patient with cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, oxidative stress represents a shared pathophysiological disorder between the two conditions. Several therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress reduction in patients with NAFLD have been proposed, with conflicting results. In particular, vitamin E supplementation has been suggested for the treatment of non-diabetic, non-cirrhotic adults with active NASH, although this recommendation is based only on the results of a single randomized controlled trial. Other antioxidant treatments suggested are resveratrol, silybin, L-carnitine and pentoxiphylline. No trial so far, has evaluated the cardiovascular effects of antioxidant treatment in patients with NAFLD. New, large-scale studies including as end-point also the assessment of the atherosclerosis markers are needed.

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Levels of the Oxidative Stress Marker γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase at Different Stages of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract: Levels of GGT in fatty liver patients may compensate for mild oxidative stress by repressing 8-OHdG levels and preventing progression to NASH; however further oxidative stress leads to increased levels of 8-OHdG and the development of NASH.

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Antioxidant Properties of Proanthocyanidins Attenuate Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)–Induced Steatosis and Liver Injury in Rats via CYP2E1 Regulation

Antioxidant Properties of Proanthocyanidins Attenuate Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)–Induced Steatosis and Liver Injury in Rats via CYP2E1 Regulation

The Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase - A Non invasive Diagnostic Bio Marker of Chronic Anicteric Non Alcoholic Liver Diseases

Oxidative stress: New insights on the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis

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Levels of the Oxidative Stress Marker γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase at Different Stages of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract: Levels of GGT in fatty liver patients may compensate for mild oxidative stress by repressing 8-OHdG levels and preventing progression to NASH; however further oxidative stress leads to increased levels of 8-OHdG and the development of NASH.

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Antioxidant Properties of Proanthocyanidins Attenuate Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)–Induced Steatosis and Liver Injury in Rats via CYP2E1 Regulation

Antioxidant Properties of Proanthocyanidins Attenuate Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)–Induced Steatosis and Liver Injury in Rats via CYP2E1 Regulation

The Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase - A Non invasive Diagnostic Bio Marker of Chronic Anicteric Non Alcoholic Liver Diseases

Oxidative stress: New insights on the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis

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Antioxidant Properties of Proanthocyanidins Attenuate Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)–Induced Steatosis and Liver Injury in Rats via CYP2E1 Regulation

Antioxidant Properties of Proanthocyanidins Attenuate Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)–Induced Steatosis and Liver Injury in Rats via CYP2E1 Regulation