Levels of Urine Cotinine from Hookah Smoking and Exposure to Hookah Tobacco Secondhand Smoke in Hookah Lounges and Homes

Kassem, Noura O.; Liles, Sandy; Jackson, Sheila R.; Posis, Alexander Ivan B; Chatfield, Dale A.; Hovell, Melbourne F.

doi:10.5812/ijhrba.67601

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Smoking, especially hookah smoking, is the leading cause of preventable death. Hookah is as addictive as traditional cigarettes and is hazardous to a smoker's health (11). The prevalence of hookah consumption among young people and adolescence is increasing around the world (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Readability and Suitability Assessment of Adolescent Education Material in Preventing Hookah Smoking

Sadeghi

Mahmoodabad

Fallahzadeh

et al. 2019

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background: Educational material is frequently used by health providers to inform adolescences about the health hazards of hookah. However, little attention has been paid to the readability and suitability of these adolescent educational materials. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the readability and suitability of adolescent educational material in preventing hookah smoking. Patients and Methods: Multiple authoritative resources were chosen for the design and preparation of educational material and were then tailored to the target group. Readability was measured by using the readability assessment of materials (RAM); and suitability was determined by the suitability assessment of materials (SAM) that considers characteristics such as content, graphics, layout/topography, and cultural appropriateness. Fifteen reviewers, including 10 adolescents and 5 health experts scored the educational material. Results: The mean readability score ± standard deviation (SD) of the educational media was 9 ± 1.9, 10 ± 1.1, and 9 ± 1.7, for the pamphlet, brochure, and poster, respectively, which were increased to 15 ± 1.3, 17 ± 0.7, and 16 ± 1.5 after tailoring the content. The average SAM scores before and after tailoring the content were 79% for the pamphlet, which was increased to 90%; 81% for the brochure, which was increased to 93%; and 79% for the poster, which was increased to 93%. The increase in all scores was significant (P < 0.05). The final tailored educational material was rated "superior media" on the SAM ratings. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the readability and suitability of the educational material were increased. Compliance with these recommendations may increase the likelihood of consumer perception and recall.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Readability and Suitability Assessment of Adolescent Education Material in Preventing Hookah Smoking

Sadeghi

Mahmoodabad

Fallahzadeh

et al. 2019

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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“…In turn externalizing behaviors, including smoking, are associated with social disinhibition [ 15 ] and poor inhibitory control [ 16 , 17 ] and increased risk for suicidal behavior [ 18 ]. Future research should examine relationships between other tobacco product use (e.g., e-cigarettes) that can deliver increased intensity of nicotine and suicidal risk [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported history of intensity of smoking is associated with risk factors for suicide among high school students

et al. 2021

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Objective To examine the relationship between current cigarette smoking patterns and three established risk factors for suicide using nationally representative data of high school students in the United States. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBSS)–United States, 2017. Multivariable, logistic regressions examined the association between 3 cigarette smoking behaviors [i.e., past 30-day cigarette (n = 13,731), frequent (n = 1,093) and heavy (n = 880) smoking] and 3 risk factors for suicidal outcomes [feeling sad or hopeless, suicidal ideation, suicide plan] assessed over the previous year. Results Among high school cigarette smokers, smoking 11 or more cigarettes per day (i.e., heavy smoking) was associated with 3.43 (95% CI: 1.69, 6.94) greater odds of reporting feeling sad or hopeless, 2.97 (95% CI: 1.60, 5.51) greater odds of reporting suicidal ideations, and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.32) greater odds of reporting having ever planned a suicide attempt, controlling for covariates. Conclusions Our study shows that it is not simply cigarette smoking, but heavy cigarette smoking that is a risk factor for suicidal outcomes among adolescents. Public health implications A comprehensive plan is needed to accommodate heavy adolescent smokers who are at increased suicidal risk.

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“…Among non-smokers, overall, GM urinary cotinine levels increased significantly 2.5 times post hookah event (from 0.4 ng/mg to 1.0 ng/mg). 39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary NNAL in hookah smokers and non-smokers after attending a hookah social event in a hookah lounge or a private home

Kassem

Liles

Jackson

et al. 2017

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Tobacco smoking and exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke (SHS) can cause lung cancer. We determined uptake of NNK (4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone), a tobacco specific potent pulmonary carcinogen, in hookah smokers and non-smokers exposed to hookah tobacco SHS. We analyzed data from a community-based convenience sample of 201 of adult (aged ≥18 years) exclusive hookah smokers (n=99) and non-smokers (n=102) residing in San Diego County, California. Participants spent an average of three consecutive hours indoors, in hookah lounges or private homes, where hookah tobacco was smoked exclusively. Total NNAL [the sum of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronides], the major metabolites of NNK, were quantified in spot urine samples provided the morning of and the morning after attending a hookah event. Among hookah smokers urinary NNAL increased significantly (p<0.001) following a hookah social event; the geometric mean doubled, from 1.97 to 4.16 pg/mg. Among non-smokers the increase was not significant (p=0.059). Post hookah event urinary NNAL levels were highest in daily hookah smokers, and significantly higher than in non-daily smokers or non-smokers (GM: 14.96 pg/mg vs. 3.13 pg/mg and 0.67 pg/mg, respectively). For both hookah smokers and non-smokers, pre-to-post event change in urinary NNAL was not significantly different between hookah lounges and homes. We suggest posting health warning signs inside hookah lounges, and encouraging voluntary bans of smoking hookah tobacco in private homes.

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Levels of Urine Cotinine from Hookah Smoking and Exposure to Hookah Tobacco Secondhand Smoke in Hookah Lounges and Homes

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Readability and Suitability Assessment of Adolescent Education Material in Preventing Hookah Smoking

Readability and Suitability Assessment of Adolescent Education Material in Preventing Hookah Smoking

Self-reported history of intensity of smoking is associated with risk factors for suicide among high school students

Urinary NNAL in hookah smokers and non-smokers after attending a hookah social event in a hookah lounge or a private home

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