Leveraging Advanced X-ray Imaging for Sustainable Battery Design

Abstract

With the growing demand for sustainable battery technologies, state-of-the-art characterization techniques become more and more critical for optimizing battery materials and uncovering their operation mechanisms. In this Review, we mainly focus on X-ray imaging techniques and the associated applications in obtaining insights into the physicochemical properties and quantitative changes of battery materials. Given the high-energy nature of X-rays, operando/in situ imaging studies have emerged as a unique method to enable researchers to investigate a variety of battery chemistries during battery cycling. Such a cutting-edge characterization tool is expected to advance the understanding of electrochemically driven heterogeneous reactions, involving the structure, chemistry, and morphology, as well as the interface. Mechanistic explanations are comprehensively provided to understand the close relationship between battery failure and electro-chemo-mechanical degradation in the electrode. We expect that the use of large-scale X-ray facilities can lead to major developments in sustainable batteries and benefit the whole materials science community.

Retraction

“…XPS was used to investigate the composition and valence state of the synthesized products. The XPS survey spectrum (Figure ) reveals the chemical composition of Ni, Mo, and O in the precursor 40 . In the high‐resolution XPS profiles (Figure ), the Mo 3d spectrum shows two sets of doublets that are ascribed to Mo V and Mo VI 41 .…”

“…The XPS survey spectrum (Figure S7A) reveals the chemical composition of Ni, Mo, and O in the precursor. 40 In the highresolution XPS profiles (Figure S7B-D), the Mo 3d spectrum shows two sets of doublets that are ascribed to Mo V and Mo VI . 41 The O 1s spectrum provides auxiliary evidence of the O Vs , where the peak at 530.53 eV belongs to Mo-O-Mo bonds and the other one at 531.53 eV is due to a high number of defect sites with low oxygen coordination, which further confirms the occurrence of SRR and the formation of NiMoO x species.…”

Surface oxidation protection strategy of CoS2 by V2O5 for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

“…The X-ray absorption fine structure spectra V K-edge were collected at 44A beamline of National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) Taiwan. 44,45…”

“…The X-ray absorption fine structure spectra V Kedge were collected at 44A beamline of National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) Taiwan. 44,45 Electrode preparation and electrochemical measurements. Standard three-electrode system was carried to test the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared materials, in which the carbon rod, Hg/HgO and the electrode clip equipping with the catalysts were used as counter electrode, reference electrode…”

Insights into Electrode Architectures and Lithium‐Ion Transport in Polycrystalline V2O5 Cathodes of Solid‐State Batteries

“…Non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) technique become more and more critical for studying and understanding electrode architecture. [42][43][44][45][46] The use of x-ray imaging allows linking electrochemical performance studies to SSEs microstructures, contributing to an understanding of the working mechanism and prompting a systematic search for more compatible electrolyte materials. We spatially visualize the 3D microstructure of the electrode and single active particle (Figure 6) after 20 electrochemical cycles at 0.1 C using lab-based X-CT.…”