Levoglucosan and its hydrolysates via fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose for microbial biofuels: A state-of-the-art review

Levoglucosan: a promising platform molecule?

“…In all cases, several detoxification methods have been applied. 93 Several papers have reported the most diverse types of pre-treatment so that lignocellulosic biomass can provide the highest possible yields of LG. In fact, the kind of pre-treatment applied has an influence on the final characteristics of the biomass to be pyrolyzed, impacting the process both economically, in the downstream stage, as well as in the efficiency of the pyrolytic process applied in obtaining the final LG, since the appropriate pre-treatment method can increase the yield of the desired product in addition to reducing the amount of the final inhibitory by-products in the bio-oil.…”

“…1), is the most abundant source of carbon-based molecules. [4][5][6] This fact is often overlooked, as most of this biomass is used non-commercially for energy and heating, which is inefficient in terms of productivity, in addition to generating more pollution. Due to its chemical and structural complexity, biomass can be used in a better way through the synthesis of bio-based fuels or value-added chemicals.…”

Agroindustrial Wastes as a Support for the Immobilization of Lipase From <em>Thermomyces lanuginosus</em>: Synthesis of Hexyl Laurate

“…As a direct consequence of this development, around 200 million tons of agro-industrial wastes have been generated worldwide, alarming the concern about the environmental impact caused and the development of new approaches for waste valorization [3]. In this trend, the integration between technologies developed by researchers and industry has been crucial to the search for short-term solutions where the reuse of waste and the search for new (bio)catalysts are essential to obtain more selective processes with higher yields in biorefineries in the future [4][5][6]. To this purpose, the only solution to effectively resolve the challenge is to discover advanced technologies for the sustainable development and production from eco-friendly biomass feedstock [7].…”

Combination of ethanol and Fe3O4@C‐SO3H pretreatment of Eucalyptus for glucose release via enzymatic saccharification

“…At present, due to the dangers of environmental pollution and the consideration of the sustainability of industrial fuels, the replacement of limited fossil resources with renewable bioresources has received much attention 1,2 . Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose is regarded as the most efficient route to producing fermentable sugars, one kind of promising future biofuel, while physiochemical pretreatment is the initial but most critical step for the efficient utilization of lignocellulose, and possibly accounts for up to 20% of the total cost during the complete biorefinery process 3,4 .…”

“…At present, due to the dangers of environmental pollution and the consideration of the sustainability of industrial fuels, the replacement of limited fossil resources with renewable bioresources has received much attention. 1,2 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose is regarded as the most efficient route to producing fermentable sugars, one kind of promising future biofuel, while physiochemical pretreatment is the initial but most critical step for the efficient utilization of lignocellulose, and possibly accounts for up to 20% of the total cost during the complete biorefinery process. 3,4 A more efficient but low-cost pretreatment process should possess the following characteristics: (i) ability to lessen workloads for grinding lignocellulose; (ii) ability to prevent excessive degradation of lignin and hemicellulose to form inhibitors as much possible; (iii) better ability to recycle high value-added by-products; (iv) reduced usage of catalyst or use of a recycled catalyst; and (v) ability to minimize energy consumption and cost as much possible.…”