Levonorgestrel Implants and Intracranial Hypertension

Abstract

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Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)

“…Levonorgestrel implants [54] and desmospressin nasal spray [55] have been reported in pediatric IIH, but the mechanism in each case was unclear.…”

Clarithromycin Culprit of Benign Intracranial Hypertension

“…The symptoms of ICP include headache of various areas, non-specific type and frequency; diplopia due to opthalmoplegia most commonly due to cranial nerve VI (CN VI). Symptoms of papilloedema include transient visual defects mostly orthostatic; progressive loss of peripheral vision in any eye, initially of nasal side; blurring of central vision; and rarely sudden vision loss[ 4 5 6 7 8 ].…”

“…The important examinations are fundoscopy, visual fields, visual acuity, color vision, and ocular movements[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ].…”

An integrated mechanism of pediatric pseudotumor cerebri syndrome: evidence of bioenergetic and hormonal regulation of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics

“…(55,56) but see (57), differences not seen in plasma (55) and suggestive of a localized increase in aromatase activity. Indeed, exposure to exogenous (Levonorgestrel (58) and emergency contraceptives (59)) and endogenous (pregnancy (60,61) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (62)) estrogens have all been associated with PTCS. Increased androgens, namely basal testosterone and androstenedione, have been linked with a younger age at presentation of PTCS, in an adult, female population (63).…”