“…The use of this criterion is supported by the lexical bias effect both in corpus studies (e.g., Hartsuiker, Anton-Mendez, Roelstraete, & Costa, 2006;Nooteboom, 2005b) and in the SLIP task (Spoonerisms of Laboratory Induced Dispositions; e.g., Baars, Motley, & MacKay, 1975;Dell, 1986;Hartsuiker et al, 2006;Humphreys, 2002;Nooteboom, 2005a;Nooteboom & Quené, 2008). For example, in the SLIP task, word pairs that have to be read aloud are preceded by word pairs that bias them into making errors, like exchanging the first phonemes of each word (tool carts -> cool tarts).…”