Lexical, sublexical, and peripheral effects in skilled typewriting

Gentner, Donald R.; Larochelle, Serge; Grudin, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/0010-0285(88)90015-1

Cited by 87 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Thus, we cannot distinguish between several possible constituents of chunks in skilled typing, such as syllables, morphemes, and digraphs. Previous studies have indicated that some of these constituents contribute to typing performance (e.g., Fendrick, 1937;Gentner et al, 1988;Inhoff, 1991;Shaffer & Hardwick, 1970;West & Sabban, 1982), but these studies do not indicate the level of processing at which these factors affect typing. Logan and Crump (2011) assumed that words are single chunks in the outer loop.…”

Section: On the Constituents Of Chunks In Skilled Typingmentioning

confidence: 87%

Pushing typists back on the learning curve: Revealing chunking in skilled typewriting.

Yamaguchi¹,

Logan²

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Theories of skilled performance propose that highly trained skills involve hierarchically structured control processes. The present study examined and demonstrated hierarchical control at several levels of processing in skilled typewriting. In the first two experiments, we scrambled the order of letters in words to prevent skilled typists from chunking letters, and compared typing words and scrambled words. Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus quality to reveal chunking in perception, and Experiment 2 manipulated concurrent memory load to reveal chunking in short-term memory (STM). Both experiments manipulated the number of letters in words and nonwords to reveal chunking in motor planning. In the next two experiments, we degraded typing skill by altering the usual haptic feedback by using a laser-projection keyboard, so that typists had to monitor keystrokes. Neither the number of motor chunks (Experiment 3) nor the number of STM items (Experiment 4) was influenced by the manipulation. The results indicate that the utilization of hierarchical control depends on whether the input allows chunking but not on whether the output is generated automatically. We consider the role of automaticity in hierarchical control of skilled performance.

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Section: On the Constituents Of Chunks In Skilled Typingmentioning

confidence: 87%

Pushing typists back on the learning curve: Revealing chunking in skilled typewriting.

Yamaguchi¹,

Logan²

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…There has been a tendency to for researchers to theorise these independently (e.g., Gentner, Larochelle, & Grudin, 1988;van Galen, 1991). We know of no direct comparison of spelling processes in the two modalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive predictors of shallow-orthography spelling speed and accuracy in 6th grade children

Rønneberg

Torrance

2017

Read Writ

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Spelling accuracy and time course was investigated in a sample of 100 Norwegian 6th grade students completing a standardized spelling-to-dictation task. Students responded by keyboard with accurate recordings of response-onset latency (RT) and inter-keypress interval (IKI). We determined effects of a number of childlevel cognitive ability factors, and of word-level factors-particularly the location within the word of a spelling challenge (e.g., letter doubling), if present. Spelling accuracy was predicted by word reading (word split) performance, non-word spelling accuracy, keyboard key-finding speed and short-term memory span. Word reading performance predicted accuracy just for words with spelling challenges. For correctly spelled words, RT was predicted by non-word spelling response time and by speed on a key-finding task, and mean IKI by non-verbal cognitive ability, word reading, non-word spelling response time, and key-finding speed. Compared to words with no challenge, mean IKI was shorter for words with an initial challenge and longer for words with a mid-word challenge. These findings suggest that spelling is not fully planned when typing commences, a hypothesis that is confirmed by the fact that IKI immediately before within word challenges were reliably longer than elsewhere within the same word. Taken together our findings imply that routine classroom spelling tests better capture student competence if they focus not only on accuracy but also on production time course.& Vibeke Rønneberg

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“…the frequency with which specific letter pairs occur within written language, in this case Dutch and English) predicted interkeystroke intervals so that for higher frequency bigrams shorter intervals were found. Further, it has been demonstrated that the interval between two keystrokes is affected by syllabic boundaries (e.g., Gentner et al, 1988;Pinet et al, 2016;Weingarten et al, 2004): Interkeystroke intervals are longer when the same two letters belong to different syllables, compared to when they are part of the same syllable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typing pictures: Linguistic processing cascades into finger movements

et al. 2016

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Highlights1. We investigated response onset and response execution in typing 2. Lexical-semantic variables influenced response onset and interkeystroke intervals 3. Orthographic variables were found to affect only response execution 4. Results seem coherent with cascaded flow of information between linguistic and motor processes Running Head: TYPING PICTURES 3 AbstractThe present study investigated the effect of psycholinguistic variables on measures of response latency and mean interkeystroke interval in a typewritten picture naming task, with the aim to outline the functional organization of the stages of cognitive processing and response execution associated with typewritten word production. Onset latencies were modulated by lexical and semantic variables traditionally linked to lexical retrieval, such as word frequency, age of acquisition, and naming agreement. Orthographic variables, both at the lexical and sublexical level, appear to influence just within-word interkeystroke intervals, suggesting that orthographic information may play a relevant role in controlling actual response execution. Lexical-semantic variables also influenced speed of execution. This points towards cascaded flow of activation between stages of lexical access and response execution.

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Lexical, sublexical, and peripheral effects in skilled typewriting

Cited by 87 publications

References 17 publications

Pushing typists back on the learning curve: Revealing chunking in skilled typewriting.

Pushing typists back on the learning curve: Revealing chunking in skilled typewriting.

Cognitive predictors of shallow-orthography spelling speed and accuracy in 6th grade children

Typing pictures: Linguistic processing cascades into finger movements

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