Lexico-semantic access and audiovisual integration in the aging brain: Insights from mixed-effects regression analyses of event-related potentials

Zunini, Rocío A. López; Baart, Martijn; Samuel, Arthur G.; Armstrong, Blair C.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108107

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Empirically speaking, tasks involving lexical recognition—both in young and elderly individuals—with low cognitive loads such as naming tasks (which only require reading a sequence of letters, [ 17 , 24 ]), or experiments requiring a decisional factor such as the lexical decision task (LDT), show that pseudowords produce higher response times (RT) and lower accuracy than word recognition [ 25 , 26 ]. However, such differences do not necessarily reach significance levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Word or pseudoword? The lexicality effect in naming and lexical decision tasks during advanced aging

Rojas,

San Martín,

Urzúa

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Although there is evidence that recognizing pseudowords is more difficult than recognizing words during childhood, adulthood, and early old age (60–75 years), it is not yet clear what happens during advanced aging or the fourth age, a stage when the decline of fluid intelligence strongly affects processing speed, but a good performance of crystallized intelligence is described through an increase in vocabulary and knowledge. The objective of this study was to determine the lexicality effect in advanced aging, specifically exploring how the ability to recognize words and pseudowords (ortho-phonologically plausible for Spanish) is affected during the third and fourth-ages. The lexicality effect was measured using naming and lexical decision tasks. Response time and accuracy were compared between a fourth-age group (80+ years) and two third-age groups (60–69 and 70–79 years) through linear regression models. The results showed that, in general, the fourth-age group had longer response times and reduced accuracy when recognizing words and pseudowords. Moreover, they showed a significant lexicality effect (which increases from the third- age onwards), reflected in higher costs during pseudoword recognition, especially when the task required more cognitive effort (lexical decision task). These results were consistent with the impact of the deterioration of fluid intelligence on the speed of lexical recognition and with the better performance that crystallized intelligence can generate on accuracy, especially in the early stages of old age. Additionally, this study supports the fact that pseudoword recognition resists cognitive decline, as accentuated deterioration is visualized only after 80 years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Word or pseudoword? The lexicality effect in naming and lexical decision tasks during advanced aging

Rojas,

San Martín,

Urzúa

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Studies using chronometric reading techniques have found that older individuals are slower than younger people (longer response time, RT) but are nearly equally accurate at word recognition tasks, both in isolation and in the context of sentences [ 8 , 19 ]. Additionally, studies using lexical decision tasks (LDT) and priming have also confirmed that older individuals take longer (higher RT) but make a similar number of errors as younger people in recognizing words and distinguishing them from pseudowords [ 20 ]. As for the fourth age, specific studies have revealed that the RT needed to recognize isolated words increases significantly compared to the third age, whereas the accuracy remains stable for low cognitive load tasks such as naming and priming [ 12 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical Access Restrictions after the Age of 80

Rojas,

Riffo,

San Martín

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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Background: During the fourth age (80+ years), cognitive difficulties increase. Although language seems to resist the advancement of age, an older person without pathological developments in cognition may exhibit deficits in lexical access. This study examines the restrictions on lexical access in people aged 80 and older in word recognition and retrieval modalities through four lexical tasks. Method: The effect of aging on response time and accuracy was measured using recognition (lexical decision/naming/priming) and retrieval (picture naming) tasks. A fourth age group (>80) and two third age groups (60–69/70–79) were compared according to lexical access modality and type of task employed through linear regression models. Results: People aged 80 and older exhibit a strong lexical access constraint, as they are slower and less accurate in recognizing and retrieving words than both third age groups. These restrictions are more profound for the word retrieval modality, especially in the picture naming task. Conclusion: Impaired fluid intelligence and internode transmission deficits during advanced aging could further reduce the ability to recognize and/or retrieve words, having an impact on access speed and accuracy. Furthermore, the idea that crystallized intelligence could strengthen the accuracy of lexical access during aging is supported, specifically in word recognition modality.

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Music training is associated with better audio-visual integration in Chinese language

Ju,

Zhou,

Xie

et al. 2024

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Lexico-semantic access and audiovisual integration in the aging brain: Insights from mixed-effects regression analyses of event-related potentials

Cited by 4 publications

References 86 publications

Word or pseudoword? The lexicality effect in naming and lexical decision tasks during advanced aging

Word or pseudoword? The lexicality effect in naming and lexical decision tasks during advanced aging

Lexical Access Restrictions after the Age of 80

Music training is associated with better audio-visual integration in Chinese language

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