LGBTQ+ Young Adults on the Street and on Campus: Identity as a Product of Social Context

Schmitz, Rachel M.; Tyler, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1314162

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Prime college years (18-21) and early adulthood (22-29) are critical time points for LGB identity formation. College environments offer a unique, privileged space for identity development, realization, and exploration (Coley, 2018;Rupp et al, 2014;Schmitz & Tyler, 2017;Wade, 2017). Our results provided additional evidence of this claim.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some LGB people may go to college as a way to get out of certain harmful social settings (e.g., hometowns). Access to college is varied, however, especially among vulnerable populations like LGB homeless youth (Schmitz & Tyler, 2017). Thus, the importance of constructing safe environments for sexual identity formation is critical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Sex, Race, and Education on the Timing of Coming Out among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the U.S.

Haltom

Ratcliff

2020

Arch Sex Behav

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Sexual identity formation or "coming out" as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) involves a complex process including both private realization and public disclosure. Private realization refers to the process through which an individual becomes aware of their LGB identity, whereas public disclosure reflects when an individual discloses their identity to another person. Sex, race, and class affect the timing of these processes across the life course. While extant research has identified the bivariate nature of these processes, we took a multivariate approach to understand the timing of these sexual identity milestones from a life-course perspective. Using data from the Pew Research Center's 2013 Survey of LGBT Adults (n = 1136), we considered how the timing of private realization and public disclosure of LGB identity is a sexed, racialized, and classed experience. The sample consisted of lesbians (n = 270), gay males (n = 396), bisexual females (n = 342), and bisexual males (n = 127). Results indicated that females uniformly realized and disclosed their identities at later stages in the life course, whereas individuals with at least some college education came out during their prime college-age years. We also found variation in timing between private realization and public disclosure for Black respondents, but not other racial groups. These findings provide insight into how organizations can develop specific programs that allow LGB individuals to safely explore their sexuality and provide support over the life course.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sex, Race, and Education on the Timing of Coming Out among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the U.S.

Haltom

Ratcliff

2020

Arch Sex Behav

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“…It may be that SGM individuals are less likely to seek housing; that those who are in housing/shelters are less likely to identify as SGM; or that people who identify as SGM are not universally welcome in privately funded shelters/housing. 13,24 One participant interviewed in religious housing indicated that she used to identify as a lesbian, but now identifies as heterosexual/straight for religious/moral reasons. Perhaps relatedly, non-SGM and SGM participants significantly differed in their self-reported mental health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together, these findings suggest that SGM adults experiencing homelessness may benefit from the intentionally-inclusive housing and service strategies designed for SGM youth experiencing homelessness. 13,24…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Differences in the Lives and Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Minority Adults Experiencing Homelessness Relative to Their Cisgender Heterosexual Counterparts

et al. 2019

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Purpose: To better understand the lives and experiences of sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults experiencing homelessness relative to their cisgender heterosexual (non-SGM) counterparts. Methods: A modified time-location sampling strategy was used to reach a diverse sample of individuals with experiences of homelessness. Interviewer or self-administered paper-based surveys were administered to participants on location. Results: SGM and non-SGM participants reported significant differences in the age at which they became homeless, their current housing, and experiences of violence over the past year. SGM participants reported poorer mental health than their non-SGM counterparts. Conclusion: SGM adults may be uniquely impacted by their experiences of homelessness.

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“…As such, it is possible that at least some youth are not accessing services for various reasons, which may include unawareness of their existence or fear of sexual orientation-related prejudice and discrimination. Another possible explanation is that some homeless youth may resist using services to avoid being judged by conventional cultural expectations and alternatively, work hard to make it on their own (Schmitz & Tyler, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of risk factors for various forms of trauma in the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual and heterosexual homeless youth

Tyler

Schmitz

2018

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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Numerous homeless youth experience trauma prior to leaving home and while on the street. Bullying and trading sex (i.e. exchanging sexual favors for survival items such as food) are additional forms of trauma experienced by many homeless youth. Although lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) homeless youth experience higher rates of child abuse compared to their heterosexual counterparts, there is a paucity of research comparing these two groups. As such, we compare whether difficulties finding items of necessity (e.g. food) and different forms of trauma including child sexual abuse, being bullied, trading sex, and street sexual victimization significantly differ for LGB and heterosexual homeless youth. Bivariate results reveal that LGB youth have more trouble finding shelter and are more likely to trade sex compared to heterosexual youth. Logistic regression results show that trading sex is correlated with street sexual victimization. In the second model, we find that being female, experiencing more child sexual abuse, and ever having traded sex are all positively linked with street sexual victimization. LGB youth are over-represented among homeless youth populations and are also more likely to trade sex; therefore, these young people need services that are widely accessible and specific to their needs.

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LGBTQ+ Young Adults on the Street and on Campus: Identity as a Product of Social Context

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of Sex, Race, and Education on the Timing of Coming Out among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the U.S.

Effects of Sex, Race, and Education on the Timing of Coming Out among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the U.S.

Exploring Differences in the Lives and Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Minority Adults Experiencing Homelessness Relative to Their Cisgender Heterosexual Counterparts

A comparison of risk factors for various forms of trauma in the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual and heterosexual homeless youth

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