LHRH Immunoneutralization: Basic Studies and Prospects for Practical Application

Fraser, Hamish M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5140-5_16

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…2 levels of antibodies against LHRH leads to the suppression of reproductive behavior in both males and females, the suppression of synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins and gonadal steroid hormones, gonadal atrophy, and arrest of gametogenesis [6]. These observations suggested the potential application of immunization against LHRH for the regulation of gonadal functions and fertility in domestic animals [7,8] and humans [9,10]. The studies reported here were conducted in male dogs and cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Development of an Antifertility Vaccine for Pets Based on Active Immunization against Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone1

Ladd¹,

Tsong²,

Walfield³

et al. 1994

Biology of Reproduction

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Male dogs and cats were immunized against LHRH in order to evaluate the feasibility of an immunological approach to pet contraception. In the first study, dogs were immunized with 100, 500, or 2500 micrograms of LHRH conjugated to tetanus toxoid. A significant decline in serum testosterone (T) levels was observed in all immunized dogs, reaching castration levels in some animals by Week 4 and remaining suppressed in all the immunized dogs through the course of the study. Testicular histology suggested arrest of spermatogenesis (infertility). The effects of "immunological castration" were reversible (study 2): steroidogenesis suppressed by "immunological castration" was restored as antibody titers declined. Effective antibodies were rapidly reinduced in dogs by a single injection of LHRH1-TT. In contrast, the level of antibodies induced in male cats (study 3) was not sufficient for "immunological castration." The conclusion was that active immunization against LHRH could provide a cost-effective, nonsurgical, reversible means to control the fertility of companion animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Development of an Antifertility Vaccine for Pets Based on Active Immunization against Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone1

Ladd¹,

Tsong²,

Walfield³

et al. 1994

Biology of Reproduction

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“…Previous studies with native GnRH and GnRH analogues have been reviewed by several authors (Falvo et ah, 1986;Fraser, 1986;Silversides et ah, 1988a, b;Gonzalez et ah, 1990). Studies in male cattle (Robertson et ah, 1979(Robertson et ah, , 1981(Robertson et ah, , 1982(Robertson et ah, , 1984Jeffcoate et ah, 1982;Lobley et ah, 1992) generally show that a percentage of animals that develop significant GnRH antibody titres express a temporary castration effect lasting 6-9 months that is manifested by low testosterone concentrations, involution of the testes and azoospermia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunization of bull calves with a GnRH analogue-human serum albumin conjugate: effect of conjugate dose, type of adjuvant and booster interval on immune, endocrine, testicular and growth responses

Finnerty

Enright²,

Morrison³

et al. 1994

Reproduction

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Bull calves were immunized with GnRH analogue-human serum albumin (HSA-Cys-Gly-GnRH) conjugate to determine the effects of dose, adjuvant type and interval between primary and booster injections on plasma testosterone and LH concentrations, and testes and body growth. Friesian bull calves aged between 8 and 10 weeks (n = 72) were blocked according to age and weight and, within block, randomly assigned to 12 treatment combinations (n = 6 per treatment combination) in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial plan. Main effects were (i) conjugate dose (0.0, 0.1 or 1.0 mg HSA-Cys-Gly-GnRH), (ii) adjuvant (diethylaminoethyl-dextran or non-ulcerative Freund's adjuvant), and (iii) interval between primary (day 0) injection and booster injection (day 28 or 56). Plasma testosterone and LH concentrations and antibody titres were determined in blood samples collected at 14 day intervals during the experiment (140 days). Testicular measurements were taken in situ every 28 days. Antibody titres (% binding at 1:160 dilution) were > or = 10% 28 days after booster injection and remained high for 140 days in 47 of 48 GnRH-immunized bulls. The mean titre was higher (P < 0.05) in response to the 1.0 mg dose compared with the 0.1 mg dose (37.7% versus 29.6% binding, respectively; pooled SED 2.55%). Mean LH and testosterone concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) in immunized animals compared with controls. However, the 1.0 mg dose decreased mean testosterone concentrations by a greater extent (P < 0.001) than either the 0.1 mg or 0.0 mg doses. Testes length and depth, and scrotal circumference were decreased (P < 0.001) in immunized animals compared with controls; however, the 1.0 mg dose decreased (P < 0.001) testes parameters to the greatest extent. There was no effect of conjugate dose on average daily gain in body mass. It is concluded that (i) dose of conjugate, type of adjuvant and interval between primary and booster injections affected antibody titres, (ii) the use of 0.1 or 1.0 mg of HSA-Cys-Gly-GnRH decreased LH and testosterone concentrations, and testicular development throughout the experiment, without adversely affecting body growth, and (iii) an effective protocol is 1.0 mg GnRH-HSA conjugate, given in the adjuvant diethylaminoethyl dextran, with a primary-booster interval of 56 days.

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Immunological Aspects of Fertility Regulation

Talwar

Gaur

1988

Female Contraception

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LHRH Immunoneutralization: Basic Studies and Prospects for Practical Application

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Development of an Antifertility Vaccine for Pets Based on Active Immunization against Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone1

Development of an Antifertility Vaccine for Pets Based on Active Immunization against Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone1

Immunization of bull calves with a GnRH analogue-human serum albumin conjugate: effect of conjugate dose, type of adjuvant and booster interval on immune, endocrine, testicular and growth responses

Immunological Aspects of Fertility Regulation

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