Liberalism and Conservatism: The Nature and Structure of Social Attitudes

Kerlinger, Fred N.; Maddox, William S.; Lilie, Stuart A.

doi:10.2307/3791034

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Despite their differences in global connectivity, the three political networks exhibited similar relational structures, as evidenced by their convergence in a final factor structure that comprised three communities. Importantly, our second contribution to the literature is that our data-driven communities did not match the two-factor liberal and conservative solution found in some factor-analytic studies (e.g., Choma et al, 2012;Kerlinger, 1984) nor the division between social and economic conservativism found in factor-analytic investigations by other scholars (Feldman & Johnston, 2014;Fleishman, 1988). Nonetheless, and in contrast to previous conclusions about the electorate, the communities were interpretable as political constructs aligned with classic accounts of right-wing authoritarianism (Adorno et al, 1950;Altemeyer, 1981), interpersonal liberalism (i.e., society at large), and intrapersonal liberalism (i.e., the individual).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Moreover, we discovered that political attitudes do cohere; however, as we anticipated might be the case, the network communities did not map onto standard one-or two-factor liberalconservative solutions (Choma et al, 2012;Kerlinger, 1984) or social-economic conservativism dimensions (Feldman & Johnston, 2014;Fleishman, 1988); instead, they appeared to be constrained by three communities, which we discuss in more detail in subsequent sections.…”

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confidence: 85%

“…When researchers have attempted to investigate the left-right spectrum empirically, the structure of ideology has often turned out to be more complex than unidimensional. For example, Kerlinger (1984) proposed that conservativism and liberalism were orthogonal dimensions, reflecting separate attitudinal determinants. However, although separate factors corresponding to these two dimensions were found in many countries, they were negatively correlated, a finding reported more recently by Choma and colleagues (2012).…”

Section: Ideology and The Left-right Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

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The structure of mass political belief systems: A network approach to understanding the Left-Right spectrum

Bentall¹,

Zavlis²,

McBride³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Philip Converse, one of the most influential political scientists of the twentieth century, argued that mass belief systems were comprised of networks of highly intercorrelated propositions among ideological voters but less so in non-ideological voters. We used recent advances in network psychometrics to test this model in a representative sample of 2,058 adults living in the UK, who placed themselves on the left-right dimension and then reported their attitudes toward 18 different political issues. As Converse had predicted, the networks of those at either end of the left-right continuum were significantly more interconnected than the networks of those who placed themselves in the center. We identified three communities of beliefs corresponding to traditional definitions of right-wing authoritarianism, interpersonal liberalism (focused on society), and intrapersonal liberalism (focused on the individual). Importantly, these clusters did not match common one- or two-factor liberal-conservative solutions. Consistent with the literature, child- rearing preferences were positively associated with the authoritarian community while negatively associated with both interpersonal and intrapersonal liberalism. Interestingly, attitudes towards gay rights had the highest predictability index and was the most central node in the Right and Center belief systems, suggesting that attitudes toward same- sex couples play a particularly important role in ideological positioning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Ideology and The Left-right Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The structure of mass political belief systems: A network approach to understanding the Left-Right spectrum

Bentall¹,

Zavlis²,

McBride³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…One definition of ideology is that “[i]deologies are broad and general, pervade wide areas of belief and behavior, and give core meaning to many issues of human concern. They unify thought and action” (Kerlinger, 1984, p. 13, as cited by Jost, 2006). Most people's political ideology can be plotted on a left/liberal–right/conservative dimension (Hibbing et al, 2013; Tomkins, 1963).…”

Section: Inconsistent Indices Of Gender Equalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Political Ideology Outdoes Personal Experience in Predicting Support for Gender Equality

Sevincer

Galinsky

Martensen

et al. 2023

Political Psychology

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Indices of gender equality provide an inconsistent picture of current gender inequality in countries with relatively high equality. We examined women's and men's subjectively perceived gender inequality and their support for gender equality in the general population and in politicians, respectively, in three countries with relatively high gender equality: the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany (total N = 1,612). In both women's and men's perceptions, women were treated more unequally than men. However, the inequality that women perceived was larger than the inequality men perceived. Additionally, women reported they personally experience less inequality than women as a group (person-group discrepancy). Finally, women's and men's left/liberal (vs. right/conservative) political ideology turned out to be a relatively more powerful predictor of support for gender equality than perceived personal and societal inequality. We discuss reasons for why political ideology emerged as the strongest predictor of equality support and sketch out implications for policy efforts toward promoting gender equality.

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“…These differences are reflected in the primary moral agendas advocated by the two political orientations: Liberals strive for social justice; conservatives strive for social order. Liberals are particularly attuned to fairness and social equity, whereas conservatives particularly value norm adherence and stability (e.g., Bobbio, 1996;Janoff-Bulman, 2009;Jost et al, 2008;Kerlinger, 1984;Skitka, Mullen, Griffin, Hutchinson, & Chamberlin, 2002; see also Chapter 12, this volume, on the relationship between morality and cultural values).…”

Section: Politics: Liberalism and Conservatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conscience: The dos and don’ts of moral regulation.

Janoff‐Bulman¹

2012

The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of Good and Evil.

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As morality has increasingly been implicated as a basis for rifts in politics and business, conscience has become a catchall term implying moral legitimacy.Yet conscience remains an underdeveloped construct in psychology. It has a long history in human discourse but a brief résumé in psychological investigations. Derived from the Latin word conscientia, conscience was originally identical to consciousness in English, German, and the Romance languages, suggesting the self-awareness common to both terms. Before it was the lumen natural of Kant's practical reason, conscience was the voice of God (Arendt, 2003); as Milton wrote in Paradise Lost, "And I will place within

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Liberalism and Conservatism: The Nature and Structure of Social Attitudes

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The structure of mass political belief systems: A network approach to understanding the Left-Right spectrum

The structure of mass political belief systems: A network approach to understanding the Left-Right spectrum

Political Ideology Outdoes Personal Experience in Predicting Support for Gender Equality

Conscience: The dos and don’ts of moral regulation.

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