Libri ricevuti e recensioni

Paoletti, A.; Quaranta, A. Alberigi; Jacoboni, C.

doi:10.1007/bf02904081

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Though few used a broker they had used before, and few knew whether or not the broker was licensed, repeat migrants were more likely to cite them as their main source of information on different aspects of migration, such as jobs, travel and migration documents. This may leave them particularly vulnerable to problems often associated with brokers, such as being defrauded of money or provided with misinformation (Gurung, 2004;Paoletti et al, 2014). While many NGOs and policymakers advocate the development of an alternate system through which migrant workers can identify jobs abroad and navigate the pre-departure requirements without the need for a broker, most accept that brokers will be widely used until such a time as a tried and tested alternative is implemented (Taylor-Nicholson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may leave them particularly vulnerable to problems often associated with brokers, such as being defrauded of money or provided with misinformation (Gurung, 2004;Paoletti et al, 2014). While many NGOs and policymakers advocate the development of an alternate system through which migrant workers can identify jobs abroad and navigate the pre-departure requirements without the need for a broker, most accept that brokers will be widely used until such a time as a tried and tested alternative is implemented (Taylor-Nicholson et al, 2014). In the short term, prospective migrants, including repeat migrants, would benefit from measures that: 1) encourage accountability and professionalism among agents, for example by developing a government system to register agents, holding manpower companies accountable for the use of unregistered agents, and streamlining the way in which complaints cases against agents are dealt with; 2) help migrants acquire migration related information and vet brokers and manpower companies; and 3) ultimately reduce the need for agents, for example by decentralising labour migration services, expanding the role of local government agencies in handling pre-departure steps, and strengthening migrant resource centres (Sijapati & Nair, 2014;Taylor-Nicholson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prospective migrants pay these brokers a fee to cover manpower agency fees and migration costs, and to make all their pre-departure arrangements (including obtaining and handling all the required documents). Misconduct among brokers, both those working for registered manpower agencies and those operating illegally on their own, is commonplace -with many overcharging prospective migrants, failing to provide them with key information, or giving them misleading information about the migration process or the terms and conditions of their employment abroad (Gurung, 2004;Amnesty International, 2017;Paoletti et al, 2014).…”

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015 the ban was relaxed (then temporarily reinstated following the April 2015 earthquake, and lifted again in 2016) so that women 24 years of age and older could legally migrate for domestic work to certain countries in the Arab States and South East Asia. Such bans have proved controversial, with many arguing that, rather than protecting women, they leave women with little choice but to migrate through irregular, higher risk channels (International Labour Organization, 2015;Paoletti et al, 2014).…”

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration Planning Among Female Prospective Labour Migrants from Nepal: A Comparison of First‐Time and Repeat‐Migrants

Abramsky

Mak

Zimmerman

et al. 2018

International Migration

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As international female labour migration has increased, so too have efforts to prevent the exploitation of labour migrants. However, evidence to underpin prevention efforts remains limited, with little known about labour migrants' migration planning processes. Using data from a survey of female prospective labour migrants from Nepal, this article compares socio-demographics and migration-planning processes between first-time and repeat-migrants. We identified several factors which might increase repeat-migrants' vulnerability to exploitation during the migration process, or obstruct their engagement in pre-migration interventions: more rapid migration planning than first-time migrants; lower involvement in community groups; and a perception that they already have the knowledge they need. Only one-third of repeat-migrants planned to go to the same destination and 42 per cent to work in the same sector as previously. With repeat-migration a common livelihoods strategy, it is crucial that interventions are guided by evidence on the needs of both first-time-and repeat-migrants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Migration Planning Among Female Prospective Labour Migrants from Nepal: A Comparison of First‐Time and Repeat‐Migrants

Abramsky

Mak

Zimmerman

et al. 2018

International Migration

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“…For example, some DNA-dependent ATPases can also be stimulated by the addition of RNA. Among these are the product of recA gene of E. coli [27], a nucleotide phosphohydrolase from vaccinia virus cores [28,29] and the large T antigen of SV40 virus [30]. In addition, there are several NTPases that can be stimulated only by RNA: the transcription termination factor e of E. coli [9,10] and the enzymes discovered recently in chromatin extracts of Succharomyces cerevisiae [31], in Artemia salinu embryos [32] and Chlumydomonas reinhardii [33].…”

Section: Discuss I 0 Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

An RNA‐Dependent Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase from Krebs‐II Ascites Tumor Cells

Chumakov¹,

Rozanov²,

Agol

1982

European Journal of Biochemistry

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A novel enzymatic activity, RNA-dependent, NTPase, was isolated from Krebs-I1 ascites tumor cells. This activity is associated with ribosomes and can be detached from them by washing in KCI solutions of a higher than 0.3 M concentration. The enzyme hydrolyzes all the four nucleoside triphosphates to the corresponding nucleoside diphosphates and orthophosphate. The rate of NTP hydrolysis increases about 10-fold in the presence of natural RNAs and synthetic polyribonucleotides [except poly(G)]. Natural DNAs, both double and single-stranded, are poor cofactors, although pol(dA) and poly(dT) stimulate, to a certain extent, the rate of ATP hydrolysis. [9,10]. Generally, such enzymes exhibit properties of NTPases whose activity is dependent on the presence of nucleic acids.In protein biosynthesis, at least several NTP-requiring reactions, in addition to the well known participation of GTP in the elongation of polypeptide chains [l I], have recently also been described. Thus, it was demonstrated that ATP is needed for the function of some translation initiation factors [12]. Evidence for the ATP-dependent movement of 4 0 3 ribosomal subunits along the template RNA as an essential step in the initiation of translation was reported [13]. On the basis of the ability of double-stranded RNA to serve, though with a low efficiency, as a template in a cell-free proteinsynthesizing system [I41 as well as of some other circumstantial evidence [15,16], we have suggested that an ATPdependent mechanism for the unwinding of double-stranded regions in mRNA molecule may exist in eukaryotic translation machinery [17].With these considerations in mind, we have attempted to identify an RNA-dependent NTPase activity in preparations of proteins associated with ribosomes of Krebs-I1 cells. Such Enzjwze. RNA-dependent NTPase or NTP P,y-phosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.-).an activity has actually been discovered and partially characterized, but its physiological role is yet to be defined. A preliminary report on this study was published [18]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of' Cellular Extracts, Ribosomes and Ribosomal WashKrebs-I1 cells were washed three times with a solution containing 0.15 M NaCl and 30 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, and sedimented by low-speed centrifugation. The pellet was suspended in 1.5 vol. of a hypotonic buffer (10 mM KCI, 1.5 mM MgC12, 10 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, 2 mM dithiothreitol) and, after swelling, the cells were disrupted in a Dounce homogenizer. A concentrated buffer was then added to bring the salt concentrations to 50 mM KCI, 5 mM MgC12, and 30 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5. Nuclei were removed by centrifugation (3500 x g, 10 min) and postmitochondrial supernatant was prepared by centrifugation at 30000 x g for 10 min. The postmitochondria1 supernatant was layered over a 4-ml cushion of 50% sucrose in 50 mM KCI, 5 mM MgCI2, 30 mM Tris/ HCI, pH 7.5, 2 mM dithiothreitol (buffer A) and centrifuged in a Beckman SW-27 rotor for 15-18 h at 26000 rev./min and 4°C. The ribosome pellet was rinsed with buffer A and resuspended in the same b...

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Enzymic Unwinding of DNA

Abdel-Monem

Hoffmann‐Berling

1976

European Journal of Biochemistry

164

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Evidence from various sources in the literature suggests that, in connection with DNA, ATP dephosphorylation can be used to provide energy for mechanical effects. Starting from this concept we have studied a novel DNA-dependent ATPase purified to 90% homogeneity from Escherichiu coli. The enzyme has a peptide weight near 180000 and, in high salt, is a monomeric, probably highly anisometric molecule. In salt-free buffer, where the ATPase activity is highest, the enzyme forms aggregates. ATP is the preferred substrate (K, 0.27 mM) and dephosphorylated at the y-position at a maximal rate near lo4 molecules per enzyme monomer per min at 35 "C. A requirement for divalent cation is best satisfied by Mg2+ or Ca2+ and the requirement for DNA best by the single-stranded, circular DNA of phages @XI 74 (K, 62 nM nucleotide) and fd indicating that the enzyme recognizes internal DNA regions. When saturated with E. coli DNA unwinding protein, @X DNA is not accepted but, once in contact with the DNA, the enzyme is little inhibited by unwinding protein. Apparently the unwinding protein interferes preferentially with the recognition of DNA.The enzyme does not detectably cleave DNA, and for this and genetic reasons is not identical with the recBC ATPase or the K12 restriction ATPase of the extracted cells. The enzyme is probably not identical either with the dnaB-product-associated ATPase or the ATPase activity found in DNA polymerase I11 holoenzyme under appropriate conditions, and it is certainly not identical with a DNA-dependent ATPase of molecular weight 69000 from E. coli which has recently been purified. Attempts to ascribe the enzyme to other genes, including r e d , lex and rep, have failed.Various enzymes which hydrolyse adenosine 5'-triphosphate to the nucleoside diphosphate and orthophosphate utilize DNA as cofactor. Some of these DNA-stimulated ATPases behave as ATP-stimulated deoxyribonucleases, as the recBC nuclease of Escherichia coli [I, 21, a similar enzyme from Hemophilus influenzae [3] and the strain-specific restriction nucleases of E. coliB and K12 [4]. Other DNA-stimulated ATPases without nucleolytic activity have been detected in close association with purified replication proteins, the dnaB product of E. coli [S] and a complex between the proteins of genes 44 and 62 of phage T4 which is part of the viral replication machinery

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Libri ricevuti e recensioni

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Migration Planning Among Female Prospective Labour Migrants from Nepal: A Comparison of First‐Time and Repeat‐Migrants

Migration Planning Among Female Prospective Labour Migrants from Nepal: A Comparison of First‐Time and Repeat‐Migrants

An RNA‐Dependent Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase from Krebs‐II Ascites Tumor Cells

Enzymic Unwinding of DNA

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