Lichen Growth Rates for the Northwest Coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Werner, A.

doi:10.2307/1551298

Cited by 35 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Similar to Kamchatka, the late LIA maximum (in the late 19th-early 20th century) occurred in several other high latitude regions, such as Western Greenland (Ten Brink and Weidick, 1974), Iceland (Gudmundsson, 1997), Spitsbergen (Werner, 1990), the Polar Urals (Solomina, 2003), Franz Jozef Land (Lubinsky et al, 1999), in the east Brooks Range (Calkin and Wiles, 1991). This study shows that in Kamchatka this advance was triggered by a long deep summer temperature minimum in 1860s-1880 and a accumulation maximum in 1880s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiproxy records of climate variability for Kamchatka for the past 400 years

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Tree ring, ice core and glacial geologic histories for the past several centuries offer an opportunity to characterize climate variability and to identify the key climate parameters forcing glacier expansion in Kamchatka over the past 400 years. A newly developed larch ring-width chronology (AD 1632(AD -2004) is presented that is sensitive to past summer temperature variability. Individual low growth years in the larch record are associated with several known and proposed volcanic events from the Northern Hemisphere. The comparison of ring width minima and those of Melt Feature Index of Ushkovsky ice core helps confirm a 1-3 year dating accuracy for this ice core series over the late 18th to 20th centuries. Decadal variations of low summer temperatures (tree-ring record) and high annual precipitation (ice core record) are broadly consistent with intervals of positive mass balances measured and estimated at several glaciers in 20th century, and with moraine building. According to the tree-ring data the 1860s-1880s were the longest coldest interval in the last 350 years. The latest part of this period (1880s) coincided with the positive anomaly in accumulation. This coincidence led to a positive mass balance, which is most likely responsible for glacier advances and moraine deposition of the end of 19th-early 20th centuries. As well as in some other high latitude regions (Spitsbergen, Polar Urals, Franz Jozef Land etc.) in Kamchatka these advances marked the last millennium glacial maximum. In full agreement with subsequent summer warming trend, inferred both from instrumental and tree ring data, glacier advances since 1880s have been less extensive. The late 18th century glacier expansion coincides with the inferred summer temperature decrease recorded by the ring width chronology. However, both the advance and the summer temperature decrease were less prominent that in the end of 19th century. Comparisons of the glacier history in Kamchatka with records from Alaska Correspondence to: O. Solomina (olgasolomina@yandex.ru) and the Canadian Rockies suggests broadly consistent intervals of glacier expansion and inferred summer cooling during solar irradiance minima.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiproxy records of climate variability for Kamchatka for the past 400 years

et al. 2007

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“…to species and subspecies levels is often difficult (e.g. Innes 1986;Werner 1990) and different subspecies can have different growth rates. Pioneering observations on lichen ecology have identified the primary successional species R. superficiale, R. norvegicum, R. disporum and R. jemtlandicum on gneissic surfaces of west Greenland (Beschel & Weidick 1973).…”

Section: Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Little Ice Age and neoglacial landforms at the Inland Ice margin, Isunguata Sermia, Kangerlussuaq, west Greenland

Forman

Marìn

Veen

et al. 2007

Boreas

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Neoglacial and Little Ice Age (LIA) limits occur within 2km of the Inland Ice margin in the Kangerlussuaq area on west Greenland. The LIA limit is clearly demarcated by ice‐cored and non‐ice‐cored moraines, out‐wash surfaces and trimlines. Rhizocarpon sp. thalli of ≥16mm on these landforms indicate a 1‐2km retreat of the Inland Ice in the past c. 100 years, coincident with peripheral thinning of the ice. An older neoglacial moraine host of Rhizocarpon sp. thalli <40 mm indicates a minimum limiting age of <400 BP, whereas Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) ages on aeolian silt capping the moraine yield close limiting ages of c. 2000 BP. Aeolian silt deposition beyond neoglacial limits yields OSL ages of c. 3000 BP, potentially coeval with advance of the Inland Ice. Aeolian sedimentation and the inferred age of the moraine are coincident with pronounced cooling inferred from palaeolimnological records from west and south Greenland. This neoglacial event at c. 2000 BP is probably of similar extent to the LIA maximum, because of the paucity of preserved moraine remnants.

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“…Fifteen rockwalls were selected which had all obviously retreated during the two last millennia under the prominent -if not exclusive -action of one of the following processes: stress relaxation, frost shattering, biological flaking. Moreover, in the same area, the recent calibration of a lichen growth curve by Werner (1990) provided chronological control of the late Holocene rockwall retreat. Such suitable conditions make it possible to provide new data that are significant in so far as they arise from the same study area and are associated with well identified geomorphological processes governed by specific bedrock and glacier conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene Rockwall Retreat in Svalbard: A Triple-Rate Evolution

André

1997

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

126

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Volumetric calculations of slope deposits, direct measurements of rockwall retreat and chronological control based on lichenometry provide a wide range of rockwall retreat rates in Svalbard (0-1580 mm ka −1 ) that appears consistent with previous evaluations from other Arctic areas. In northwest and central Spitsbergen (79°N), a triple-rate rockwall retreat is suggested for the last two millennia: very slow biogenic flaking (2 mm ka −1 ), moderate retreat due to frost shattering (100 ka −1 ) and rapid retreat associated with post-glacial stress relaxation (c. 1000 mm ka −1 ). Examination of the distribution of various processes indicates that the Holocene retreat of most rockwalls has not exceeded one or two metres. Bedrock conditions appear to be the main control on retreat rates. The massiveness of igneous and metamorphic outcrops, widespread in Arctic shield areas, largely accounts for the slowness of rockwall retreat, which on these lithologies is primarily due to chemical and biological processes. More rapid rates are usually associated with stress relaxation following glacial surges or with local frost susceptibility of bedrock, often where faulting has induced high joint density. At such sites, rockwall retreat rates are of the same order of magnitude as those reported from Alpine areas (1000-3000 mm ka −1 ) where both bedrock weakening due to tectonic stresses and the greater height of steep rockwalls account for the more rapid rockwall retreat rate.

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Lichen Growth Rates for the Northwest Coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Multiproxy records of climate variability for Kamchatka for the past 400 years

Multiproxy records of climate variability for Kamchatka for the past 400 years

Little Ice Age and neoglacial landforms at the Inland Ice margin, Isunguata Sermia, Kangerlussuaq, west Greenland

Holocene Rockwall Retreat in Svalbard: A Triple-Rate Evolution

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