Lichens and Air Pollution. A Study of Cryptogamic Epiphytes and Environment in the Stockholm Region

Skye, Erik

doi:10.2307/3241131

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

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Effects of ozone on organic acids in needles of Norway spruce and Scots pine

Luethy-Krause

Pfenninger

Landolt

1990

Trees

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The effect of ozone, needle age, and season on the pH of homogenate and acid contents of Scots pine and Norway spruce needles is presented. In addition enzyme activities of cytochrome C-oxidase (cyt. C-ox), phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxylase (PEPC), shikimic acid-dehydrogenase (SHDH) and malate-dehydrogenase (MDH) were measured in Scots pine needles. In freshly sprouted spruce needles the level of quinic acid is high and the pH of the needle homogenate is low. Shikimic acid starts at low levels, increases with increasing needle age and becomes dominant, whereas the quinic acid content decreases. Malic acid has a marked seasonal trend; no trend was found in citric acid. Ozone (200 ~g/m 3) decreased shikimic acid and quinic acid, whereas pH, malic acid and citric acid increased. Ozone (100 ~tg/m 3) had a similar effect, except in the current-year spruce needles. In Scots pine needles ozone led to increased enzymatic activities of cyt. C-ox, PEPC and SHDH, and a decrease in the activity of MDH. This effect was more pronounced in summer than in autumn, but the visible damage was greater in autumn. These effects can be found with other stresses and are not specific for ozone.

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