Licit and illicit drug policies: a typology

Warner, Kenneth E.; Citrin, Toby; Pickett, George; Rabe, Barry G.; Wagenaar, Alexander C.; Stryker, Jeff

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb03081.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The first and major challenge to initiate change in a community is to apply these ideas to real-life situations where power, politics, economic interests, personal ideology, individual rights, and the democratic process all interact in peculiar ways (O'Gorman, 1988; Morgan, 1988;Saunders, 1989;Steddon, 1989;Warner, et al, 1990). This is a common dilemma in many focused public health programs, from tobacco use to environmental pollution, to venereal disease and AIDS, as well as in alcohol control.…”

Section: Oversimplification and Polarization Must Be Avoidedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, within each jurisdiction there exist several differing views of alcohol policy among the population (May & Smith, 1988;Pendleton, Smith, & Roberts, 1990). Policies of control approached from a strict prohibition stance or a legalization stance, while in many ways similar, have interesting and profound differences (Warner et al, 1990). Either may alienate a substantial portion of the population.…”

Section: Oversimplification and Polarization Must Be Avoidedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alchohol Policy Considerations for Indian Reservations and Bordertown Communities

May¹

1990

AIANMHR

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For some topics, particularly in public health, summaries are dangerous because they may create the idea that a single or simple solution exists. This topic is one where a summary can create a false expectation of simplicity. There is no simple or easy solution to the problem of alcohol abuse in any community, especially reservation and bordertown communities in the western United States. The solution is complex, it must be comprehensive, and it will take a great deal of effort over time to reduce alcohol and substance abuse in any individual community. Indian communities must develop a comprehensive, consistent, and clearly defined alcohol preventionfintervention policy. Such a policy must utilize a systematic, public health approach that considers the physical, mental, and social well being of each and every individual within the region. It must address all types of problematic alcohol consumption, from sporadic alcohol consumption (light and heavy) to regular alcohol abuse and chronic alcoholism, for the problems found in Indian and bordertown communities arise from a variety of different drinking patterns. Presented in this paper are a large number of policy and prevention options that have been used successfully in human societies in various parts of the world and in the United States The intent of the paper is to present and describe the variety of options for addressing alcohol problems that have been found to be of value in the control and reduction of alcohol abuse and related problems. The three broad categories of approach are: controlling the supply of alcoholic beverages through statute and regulation; shaping drinking practices directly; and reducing the physical and social environmental risks. Indian tribal councils and Native communities can, if they so desire, consider, debate, and enact any or all of these measures The important issue is that they should be aware of these ideas for prevention and consider them carefully. If the preventive measures described here can be applied systematically and reasonably within the social and culturalALCOHOL POLICY CONSIDERATIONS 7 health consequences could probably be de-emphasized on many reservations.The answer to this dilemma for health educators and public health officials may lie in point two. Health education and public attention might focus directly on the many options of public policy and prevention techniques that have been debated, implemented, and evaluated elsewhere in the nation and world. Thus, the whole focus of health education among tribal populations and tribal leaders could be expanded and redirected. Health education on what is possible would make for a more positive and proactive focus.Before any major redirection of debate and policy considerations will be possible or is likely to be productive, the other two points or issues must also be considered. Point three mentioned above is an erroneous statement. A number of studies have shown that Indian males metabolize alcohol as rapidty, or more rapidly, than non-Indians of various ethnic and...

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Section: Oversimplification and Polarization Must Be Avoidedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oversimplification and Polarization Must Be Avoidedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alchohol Policy Considerations for Indian Reservations and Bordertown Communities

May¹

1990

AIANMHR

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“…In addition to having enlightened debates on tobacco policy, economic analysis of smoking serves a broader purpose as well, one not examined in the present chapter. Constituting by far the largest body of economic research on the consumption of addictive substances, utilizing the best data available, economic research on smoking informs both research and policy debates on other addictive substances (Warner et al, 1990;Warner, 1991). This is particularly important in the case of illicit drugs, such as marijuana and cocaine, for which the availability of useful data has been severely constrained.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Economics of Smoking

Chaloupka¹,

Warner²

1999

161

184

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Table of Contents 1. Introduction and overview 1.1 Coverage 1.1 Health consequences of tobacco consumption 2. The impact of price on the demand for tobacco products 2.1 Conventional studies of cigarette demand 2.1.1 Analysis of aggregate data 2.1.2 Analysis of individual level data 2.2 Addiction models and cigarette demand 2.2.1 Imperfectly rational addiction models 2.2.2 Myopic addiction models 2.2.3 Rational addiction models 2.2.4 Critiques of the rational addiction model 2.3 Behavioral economic analyses of cigarette demand 2.4 Econometric studies of the demand for other tobacco products 3. Cigarette and other tobacco taxation 3.1 Comparative standards and the effects of tax on price 3.1.1 Purposes and methods of taxation 3.1.2 Effects of taxes on retail price 3.1.3 Variations in cigarette tax across countries and states and the issue of smuggling 3.2 Fairness standards 3.2.1 Horizontal and vertical equity 3.2.2 The benefit principle 3.3 Public health standards 3.3.1 The social cost of smoking 3.3.2 The health benefits of increasing cigarette taxes 3.4 Economic efficiency and the pursuit of an optimal cigarette tax 3.4.1 Negative externalities associated with smoking 3.4.2 Other efficiency considerations 4. Advertising, promotion, and the demand for tobacco products 4.1 Theoretical and conceptual issues 4.2 Econometric evidence 4.3 Findings from the non-economic literature 5. Other tobacco control policies and demand 5.1 Health information and counter-advertising 5.2 Restrictions on cigarette smoking 5.3 Limits on youth access to tobacco products 6. Agricultural policy and the macroeconomic implications of tobacco 6.1 Size and nature of the tobacco industry 6.1.1 The global industry 6.1.2 The U.S. tobacco industry 6.2The impact of the U.S. tobacco agriculture regulatory system 6.2.1 Nature of the system and its impact on tobacco farming 6.2.2 Relevance of the tobacco program to smoking and health 6.3The contribution of the tobacco industry to the economy 6.3.1 States and nations 6.3.2 Tobacco farm communities Conclusion ReferencesEconomics of Smoking -p. 13 Concern about the health consequences of smoking predates the "modern era" by nearly four centuries. In 1604, for example, King James I of England lambasted smoking as "a custome lothsome to the eye, hatefull to the Nose, harmefull to the braine, dangerous to the Lungs, and in the blacke stinking fume thereof, neerest resembling the horrible Stigian smoke of the pit that is bottomlesse" (as quoted in Sullum, 1998, p. 18). King James subsequently raised the tax on tobacco by 1000%, deriving significant revenues for his coffers. This illustrates the profound dilemma that has confronted policy decision makers ever since: whatever its health consequences, tobacco has long been truly a "golden leaf" for farmers and politicians alike. Its role in the very earliest commerce between England and the American colonies is legendary, as is its role in contemporary politics (Taylor, 1984;Fritschler and Hoefler, 1996).Economics of Smoking -p. 4 million adults, almost a qu...

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“…American states have adopted a number of policies designed to reduce the incidence of drinking and driving, from lowering the rate of legal BAC intoxication, to raising the drinking age, to increasing penalties for DUIs (Berterlli & Richardson, ; Wagenaar & Toomey, ; Warner et al, ). These policies have reduced the incidence of DUIs (Roth, Voas, & Marques, , ; Willis, Lybrand, & Bellamy, ), even though the policies might have flawed assumptions (Houston & Richardson, ), but little is known about why governments adopt the DUI policies they do (Greenfield, Giesbrecht et al, ; Greenfield, Johnson, & Giesbrecht, ; Makse & Volden, ; Savage, ; Wagenaar & Toomey, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buzz Kill: State Adoption of DUI Interlock Laws, 2005–11

Sylvester¹,

Haider‐Markel²

2015

Policy Studies Journal

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Most states have adopted significant measures to reduce the incidence of driving under the influence (DUI) but a DUI death occurs about every 53 minutes; a significant portion of these accidents are the result of recidivist DUI drivers. A relatively new and novel way states can reduce DUI deaths from repeat offenders is to require offenders to install an interlock device on their vehicle, but not all states have adopted this measure. We explore whether the Policy Typology and Policy Diffusion Frameworks can help us understand the politics behind why some states have adopted interlock policies while others have not. Employing over‐time data from the American states our results suggest that the adoption of interlock laws is best explained by internal factors to the state and the adoption of interlock laws by neighboring states. In addition, the adoption of interlock laws is a form of incremental policymaking—states with existing DUI laws are more likely to adopt interlock policies. We conclude that interlock policies diffuse in a manner similar to other regulatory policies and that interlock policies should be categorized as protective regulatory policies rather than social regulatory policies.

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Licit and illicit drug policies: a typology

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Alchohol Policy Considerations for Indian Reservations and Bordertown Communities

Alchohol Policy Considerations for Indian Reservations and Bordertown Communities

The Economics of Smoking

Buzz Kill: State Adoption of DUI Interlock Laws, 2005–11

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