LiCoO<sub>2</sub>: recycling from spent batteries and regeneration with solid state synthesis

Nie, Hehe; Xu, Long; Song, Dawei; Song, Jinbao; Shi, Xixi; Wang, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Lianqi; Yuan, Zhihao

doi:10.1039/c4gc01951b

Cited by 263 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

154

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…All of these concerns might be strongly reduced, if not eliminated, by using water soluble binders. [11][12][13][14] Thus, with the aim for cheaper, safer and environmentally friendlier batteries, water-soluble binders have gained great significance. 13,[15][16][17][18] Aqueous * Electrochemical Society Active Member.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Binder for Aqueous Processing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

Loeffler

Kopel²,

Kim

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this manuscript the investigation of the heat-curable polyurethane (PU)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mixture as binder for Li-ion battery electrodes is reported. The experimental results demonstrate the outstanding thermal and electrochemical stability of PU, as well as the good electrochemical performance of cathode (NMC) and anode (graphite) electrodes in which PU is used as binder. The most important finding is the ability of PU to prevent current collector corrosion usually occurring when an aqueous dispersion (slurry) of NMC is coated on aluminum foils. SEM investigation shows that PU encapsulates the positive active material particles preventing a pH raise in the slurry. Finally, the cycling performance of PU/CMC based anodes and cathodes are tested in half as well as full lithium-ion cell setups. The awareness of the finite nature of our earth´s natural resources as well as growing concerns for increased greenhouse gas emissions are leading to a strong demand for a more environmentally-friendly generation of energy. Considering the importance of sustainable energy solutions, strong efforts are made to develop improved systems for large and small scale energy storage.1,2 Currently, Li-ion batteries seem to be suitable energy storage devices to fulfil the requirements of small energy storage due to their high energy density and long lifetime.3 Additionally, their lightweight fulfils very well the rising demand for use in smartphones, computers and other portable devices, as well as for electromobility solutions, facilitating the development toward a modern mobile society.Lithium-ion batteries are composed of several materials including metals and metal oxides, graphite and other carbonaceous materials, organic solvents, lithium salts and polymers. These latter are present in the porous separator, laying in between the electrodes (usually a polyolefin), and as binding components in the composite electrodes. Binders are counted among the so-called inactive components since they do not directly contribute to the capacity of the cells. However, their key role in the electrode processing and their dramatic influence on the electrochemical performance of electrodes has been extensively outlined. [4][5][6] Relevant physical and chemical properties for binder materials are (i) thermal stability, chemical and electrochemical stabilities, (ii) tensile strength (strong adhesion and cohesion), (iii) flexibility, and (iv) viscosity (of the slurries). 4,[7][8][9] The main purpose of using a binder is to form stable networks of the solid electrode components, i.e., the active materials and conducting agents (cohesion). Moreover, the binder has to ensure a close contact of the composite electrode toward the current collector (adhesion).In state-of-the-art commercial Li-ion batteries polyvinylidene-difluoride (PVdF) is the binder material of choice due to its superior adhesion properties and electrochemical stability.10 Important points of criticism for this polymer, however, are the requirement of volatile and toxic so...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Binder for Aqueous Processing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

Loeffler

Kopel²,

Kim

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In lixiviationsol-gel method, the recovered cathode material (NCM or LCO) from spent batteries is dissolved in either organic or inorganic acid media, and the leach liquor containing metal ions with the adjusted molar ratio is further coprecipitated to form a gel ( Figure 5). [62,71,72] [69,70] Occasionally, the extracted active material (LCO or NCM) is directly mixed with the lithium salts to restore the cathode, once the pretreatment is done (Figure 6).…”

Section: Spent Materials In Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[71] According to Sita et al, [97] the parameter "state of health" has to be considered when resynthesis of LCO is based on the solid-state reaction. Further, Li 2 CO 3 is mixed with the Co precursor for the synthesis of cathode material.…”

Section: Resynthesis Of Lcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Natarajan

Aravindan

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

228

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Where sustainability is concerned, recycling of reutilizable wastes will always occupy the apex of the green chemistry research. Handling electronic wastes in a green manner without affecting the ecology and human health is one of the main challenges for material chemists and gains top priority among other fields of research. At present, handling and recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a key priority. Due to these environmental concerns, massive interest has been triggered in various crystal structures of metal oxides, and different kinds of carbon materials that provide the opportunities to replace the commercial LIBs for energy storage and conversion applications in a cost‐effective manner. Reports are available on the recycling of spent LIBs, but these reports mainly focus on the metal recovery process rather than finding suitable applications for the recovered material. This present work exclusively summarizes the global demand for LIB raw materials, tactics in the resynthesis process along with the wide range of growing applications of spent LIB materials. Finally, the future prospects of applications that utilize spent LIB materials are addressed.

show abstract

“…Obično se koriste HCl, HNO 3 i H 2 SO 4 sa dodatkom vodonik-peroksida kao redukcionog sredstva [4]. Nakon odvajanja katodnog materijala i luženja, uobičajeni procesi koji uključuju ekstrakciju rastvarača, hemijsko taloženje, jonsku izmenu, kristalizaciju i procese elektrokatalize, se obično koriste da recikliraju metale u formi raznih jedinjenja [16].…”

unclassified

“…U poređenju sa velikim brojem istraživanja u pogledu recikliranja metala [1,5,[7][8][9], u literaturi postoji vrlo mali broj radova koji se bave resintezom katodnog materijala iz katode istrošenih Li-jonskih baterija i eva-luacijom njegovog ponovnog korišćenja. Postoji nekoliko radova koji se odnose na resintezu LiCoO 2 [11,15,16], LiCo 1/3 Mn 1/3 Ni 1/3 O 2 [12,14,17,18], i čak LiFePO 4 [19], koristeći istrošene Li-jonske baterije. Istraživanja u pogledu resinteze Li(Co-Ni-Mn)O 2 iz istrošenih baterija su privukla pažnju poslednjih godina [12,14,17,18] jer se ovaj materijal i uglavnom nalazi u baterijama koje su zastupljene na tržištu.…”

unclassified

Recycling of LiCo0.59Mn0.26Ni0.15O2 cathodic material from spent Li-ion batteries by the method of the citrate gel combustion

Senćanski

Vujković

Stojković

et al. 2017

Hem Ind

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

određen je atomskom apsorpcionom spektrometrijom, pri čemu su ispitivane komponente prethodno prevedene u stanje rastvora. Nakon odvajanja katodnog materijala i prevođenja u stanje nitratnog rastvora ponovo je izvršena sinteza metodom sagorevanja citratnog gela. Dobijeni proizvod je, nakon žarenja na 750 °C, karakterisan metodama difrakcije X-zraka i ramanske spektroskopije. Dobijen je proizvod stehiometrijskog sastava LiCo 0,59 Mn 0,26 Ni 0,15 O 2 , heksagonalne slojevite strukture tipa α-NaFeO 2 . Funkcionalnost resintetisanog materijala ispitana je u 1 M rastvoru LiClO 4 u propilen-karbonatu, galvanostatskim punjenjem i pražnjenjem, pri gustini struje od 0,7 C. Reciklirani materijal pokazuje relativno dobre kapacitete punjenja i pražnjenja koji iznose 94,9 i 64,8 mA h g -1 , redom. Ključne reči: reciklaža Li-jonskih baterija, katodni materijal, sol-gel metod. NAUČNI RAD UDK 621.352:544.6:66:658.567 Hem. Ind. 71 (3) 211-220 (2017) Dostupno na Internetu sa adrese časopisa: http://www.ache.org.rs/HI/Li-jonske baterije danas dominiraju u polju visoke tehnologije (mobilni telefoni, prenosni elektronski uređaji i sl.), a veliki napori se ulažu da se prilagode za napajanje energijom električnih automobila. Brz razvoj visokih tehnologija ukazuje i na brz rast količine istrošenih baterija. U periodu od 2000. do 2010. godine godišnja proizvodnja Li-jonskih baterija u svetu se povećala za 800%. Na primer, broj aktivnih mobilnih uređaja širom sveta je dostigao oko 7 milijardi. Očekuje se da će u Kini masa istrošenih litijum-jonskih baterija do 2020. godine prevazići 500000 t [1,2]. Litijum-jonske baterije sadrže veliku količinu metala kao što su Li, Co, Mn, Ni, Cu i Al, od kojih su neki skupi i od strateškog značaja, kao i toksične i zapaljive elektrolite, pa mogu da imaju štetan uticaj na životnu sredinu. Stoga, njihovo recikliranje nakon korišćenja postaje neizbežno. Rastuća zabrinutost zbog zagađenja životne sredine u poslednjoj deceniji je rezultirala strožijoj regulaciji otpada koji Prepiska: M. Vujković, Fakultet za Fizičku Hemiju, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Studentski trg 12-16,

show abstract

LiCoO₂: recycling from spent batteries and regeneration with solid state synthesis

Cited by 263 publications

References 23 publications

Polyurethane Binder for Aqueous Processing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

Polyurethane Binder for Aqueous Processing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Recycling of LiCo0.59Mn0.26Ni0.15O2 cathodic material from spent Li-ion batteries by the method of the citrate gel combustion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

LiCoO2: recycling from spent batteries and regeneration with solid state synthesis

Cited by 263 publications

References 23 publications

Polyurethane Binder for Aqueous Processing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

Polyurethane Binder for Aqueous Processing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Recycling of LiCo0.59Mn0.26Ni0.15O2 cathodic material from spent Li-ion batteries by the method of the citrate gel combustion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

LiCoO₂: recycling from spent batteries and regeneration with solid state synthesis