LIDAR measurements of Arctic boundary layer ozone depletion events over the frozen Arctic Ocean

Seabrook, J. A.; Whiteway, J.; Staebler, R. M.; Bottenheim, J. W.; Komguem, L.; Gray, L. H.; Barber, David G.; Asplin, M. G.

doi:10.1029/2011jd016335

Cited by 30 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The measurements on the two other flights found a similar structure of surface layer ozone depletion events. The results are consistent with the findings of a previous study in which the same DIAL instrument provided measurements of ozone from the surface on board the CCGS Amundsen icebreaker ship during the entire month of March 2008 (Seabrook et al, 2011). This is also consistent with previous studies using back-trajectory analysis (Bottenheim et al, 2009;Frieß et al, 2004) that have found a correlation between Arctic ozone depletion events and the length of time prior to being sampled that an air mass was within the surface layer over the sea ice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…It has been observed that ozone becomes depleted in air near the sea ice surface during the polar sunrise period in the Arctic (e.g., Oltmans, 1981;Oltmans and Komhyr, 1986;Bottenheim et al, 1986;Barrie et al, 1988Barrie et al, , 1989Seabrook et al, 2011) as well as the Antarctic (Jones et al, 2010). The observations find episodes when the ozone mixing ratio at the surface decreases from the normal 30-40 ppbv to near zero for periods ranging from hours to weeks at a time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Airborne lidar measurements of surface ozone depletion over Arctic sea ice

et al. 2013

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A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for measurement of atmospheric ozone concentration was operated aboard the Polar 5 research aircraft in order to study the depletion of ozone over Arctic sea ice. The lidar measurements during a flight over the sea ice north of Barrow, Alaska, on 3 April 2011 found a surface boundary layer depletion of ozone over a range of 300 km. The photochemical destruction of surface level ozone was strongest at the most northern point of the flight, and steadily decreased towards land. All the observed ozone-depleted air throughout the flight occurred within 300 m of the sea ice surface. A back-trajectory analysis of the air measured throughout the flight indicated that the ozone-depleted air originated from over the ice. Air at the surface that was not depleted in ozone had originated from over land. An investigation into the altitude history of the ozone-depleted air suggests a strong inverse correlation between measured ozone concentration and the amount of time the air directly interacted with the sea ice

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Airborne lidar measurements of surface ozone depletion over Arctic sea ice

et al. 2013

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“…Strengthening the argument that this chemistry is initiated over the sea ice, near-complete O 3 depletion was observed over Arctic Ocean sea ice on a German icebreaker in 2003 and on a sailboat expedition in 2008 (Jacobi et al, 2006;Bottenheim et al, 2009). Ozone lidar measurements onboard the Amundsen icebreaker also observed that depleted layers were always connected to the surface and that the probability of low ozone concentrations increased with the amount of time the advected air masses had spent close to the surface in the preceding six days (Seabrook et al, 2011). Until recently, logistical and technical challenges limited our ability to collect reliable atmospheric mercury speciation (GEM, RGM and PHg) data immediately over the Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: A Steffen Et Al: Atmospheric Mercury Over Sea Ice During Tmentioning

confidence: 91%

Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign

et al. 2013

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Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (PHg) were collected on the Beaufort Sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, in March 2009 as part of the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack (OASIS) and OASIS-Canada International Polar Year programmes. These results represent the first atmospheric mercury speciation measurements collected on the sea ice. Concentrations of PHg averaged 393.5 pg m⁻³ (range 47.1–900.1 pg m⁻³) and RGM concentrations averaged 30.1 pg m⁻³ (range 3.5–105.4 pg m⁻³) during the two-week-long study. The mean concentration of GEM during the study was 0.59 ng m⁻³ (range 0.01–1.51 ng m⁻³) and was depleted compared to annual Arctic ambient boundary layer concentrations. It is shown that when ozone (O₃) and bromine oxide (BrO) chemistry were active there is a positive linear relationship between GEM and O₃, a negative one between PHg and O₃, a positive correlation between RGM and BrO, and none between RGM and O₃. For the first time, GEM was measured simultaneously over the tundra and the sea ice. The results show a significant difference in the magnitude of the emission of GEM from the two locations, with significantly higher emission over the tundra. Elevated chloride levels in snow over sea ice are proposed to be the cause of lower GEM emissions over the sea ice because chloride has been shown to suppress photoreduction processes of RGM to GEM in snow. Since the snowpack on sea ice retains more mercury than inland snow, current models of the Arctic mercury cycle may greatly underestimate atmospheric deposition fluxes because they are based predominantly on land-based measurements. Land-based measurements of atmospheric mercury deposition may also underestimate the impacts of sea ice changes on the mercury cycle in the Arctic. The predicted changes in sea ice conditions and a more saline future snowpack in the Arctic could enhance retention of atmospherically deposited mercury and increase the amount of mercury entering the Arctic Ocean and coastal ecosystems

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“…Jacobi et al (2010) investigated the correlation between these widespread depletions and mesoscale synoptic conditions and found that they are frequently associated with high pressure systems. While the correlation of O 3 with pressure in their study was stronger than that with temperature, the Amundsen data show a strong temperature correlation (Seabrook et al 2011).…”

Section: Ozonementioning

confidence: 86%

Selected topics in arctic atmosphere and climate

et al. 2012

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This paper summarizes the main elements of four IPYprojects that examine the Arctic Atmosphere. All four projects focus on present conditions with a view to anticipating possible climate change. All four investigate the Arctic atmosphere, ocean, ice, and land interfacial surfaces. One project uses computer models to simulate the dynamics of the Arctic atmosphere, storms, and their interactions with the ocean and ice interface. Another project uses statistical methods to infer transports of pollutants as simulated in large-scale global atmospheric and oceanic models verifying results with available observations. A third project focuses on measurements of pollutants at the ice-ocean-atmosphere interface, with reference to model estimates. The fourth project is concerned with multiple, high accuracy measurements at Eureka in the Canadian Archipelago. While these projects are distinctly different, led by different teams and interdisciplinary collaborators, with different technical approaches and methodologies, and differing objectives, they all strive to understand the processes of the Arctic atmosphere and climate, and to lay the basis for projections of future changes. Key findings include:• Decreased sea ice leads to more intense storms, higher winds, reduced surface albedo, increased surface air temperature, and enhanced vertical mixing in the upper ocean. • Arctic warming may affect toxic chemicals by remobilizing persistent organic pollutants and augmenting mercury deposition/retention in the environment.• Changes in sea ice can dramatically change processes in and at the ice surface related to ozone, mercury and bromine oxide and related chemical/physical properties.• Structure and properties of the Arctic atmospheric-troposphere to stratosphere-and tracking of transport of pollution and smoke plumes from mid-latitudes to the poles.

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LIDAR measurements of Arctic boundary layer ozone depletion events over the frozen Arctic Ocean

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Airborne lidar measurements of surface ozone depletion over Arctic sea ice

Airborne lidar measurements of surface ozone depletion over Arctic sea ice

Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign

Selected topics in arctic atmosphere and climate

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