Lidocaine for the Prevention of Pain Due to Injection of Propofol

Sy, King; Fm, Davis; Je, Wells; Dj, Murchison; Pj, Pryor

doi:10.1213/00000539-199202000-00013

Cited by 209 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…3,4 The strategy most commonly used clinically, however, is mixing lidocaine with propofol. The amount of lidocaine mixed with propofol varies but in adults, 0.1 mg·kg -1 seems to be effective, [5][6][7][8] whereas children seem to need about 0.2 mg·kg -1 . 2,9 However, none of these strategies is always successful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In children, nitrous oxide decreases pain on injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine

Beh

Splinter

Kim

2002

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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P Pu ur rp po os se e: : To investigate if 50% nitrous oxide reduces the pain during injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine in children.M Me et th ho od ds s: : Healthy children undergoing iv induction of general anesthesia for elective surgery were recruited into this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. None of the patients received any premedication except for eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream. Before induction of anesthesia with propofol 1% mixed with lidocaine 0.05% (propofol dose 3 mg·kg -1 ), the treatment group received 50% N 2 O in O 2 and the control group received 100% oxygen. Pain due to propofol administration was rated with a four-point behavioural scale: none, mild, moderate or severe.R Re es su ul lt ts s: : There were 28 subjects in the control group and 26 subjects in the treatment group. Demographic data were similar in both groups. The incidence of pain at induction was 4% after N 2 O and 36% in the control group, P < 0.01. No patients had severe pain. Most patients had mild pain. Three of the ten patients with pain in the control group had moderate pain. The number needed to treat was 3:1.C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Nitrous oxide reduces pain during induction with propofol mixed with lidocaine in healthy children. ROPOFOL has many beneficial pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. However, one of its major adverse effects is injection pain. Incidence of propofol injection pain in children varies between 28% and 85%. 1 Lidocaine is commonly mixed with propofol to reduce pain of propofol administration. This, however, does not completely remove the pain in all cases. We hypothesized that 50% N 2 O in O 2 would further reduce the pain of propofol administration in children. Objectif

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In children, nitrous oxide decreases pain on injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine

Beh

Splinter

Kim

2002

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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“…[3] [4] Several techniques were proposed over the years to reduce the incidence and severity of such pain. However, all had variable results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, all had variable results. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Many factors like site of injection, size of vein, speed of injection, buffering effect of blood, temperature of propofol and concomitant use of drugs such as local anaesthetics, opiates, etc., appear to affect the incidence of pain [14][15][16] . A number of both pharmacological (e.g., pretreatment with lignocaine, ondansetron, ketorolac, nafamostat, ketamine or topical nitroglycerine application with propofol, diluting propofol with 5% dextrose or 10% intralipid and using mediumand small-chain triglycerides) and nonpharmacological methods have been used with variable results and the research for the ideal agent to decrease pain on propofol injection is still going on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Granisetron and Metoclopramide for Reducing Propofol Injection Pain

Johnson¹

2017

jmscr

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Background: Propofol is one of the widely used intravenousanaesthetics, although pain on injection still remains a considerable concern for the anaesthesiologists. The aim of my randomized double blinded study was to compare the effectiveness of Granisetron and Metoclopramide in reducing Propofol .1%) with mild pain (VRS 1), 20 patients (5.3%) with moderate pain (VRS 2), 14 patients (3.7%) with severe pain (VRS 3). 151 patients (39.7%) complained of pain in group pretreated with Metoclopramide that is is 76 patients (20%) with mild Pain (VRS 1), 57 patients (15%) with moderate pain (VRS 2) , 18 patients (4.7%) with severe pain (VRS 3). The presence and severity of pain was less in the Granisetron group compared withMetoclopramide group (P< 0.05

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“…These include the addition of lidocaine, cooling or warming the drug, diluting the propofol solution, injection of propofol into a large vein, previous injection of ondansetron, granisetron, metoclopromide, magnesium, thiopental with or without tourniquet. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Esmolol is an ultra short acting, cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. [8] It is effective in preventing adrenergic responses to several perioperative stimuli, including laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation with tracheal intubation, intraoperative events and tracheal extubation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment with a very low dose of intravenous esmolol reduces propofol injection pain.

E¹,

Titiz²,

Akpek³

et al. 2013

Agri

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SummaryObjectives: Propofol causes considerable pain upon injection, although different methods and propofol formulations have been used to decrease this pain. We aimed to investigate the effect of i.v. esmolol pretreatment on propofol injection pain.Methods: Ninety ASA I-II patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned into three groups of thirty each. A 20 G cannula was inserted into the dorsum of the nondependent hand. After venous occlusion for one minute, groups E, L and S were pretreated with 5 mg/ml (total 2 ml) esmolol, 40 mg lidocaine and 2 ml saline i.v. respectively. After release of venous occlusion, one fourth of the total propofol dose was administered at a rate of 0.5 ml/sec. During the injection of both pretreatment solution and propofol, patient pain was assessed by using 4 point scale. Heart rate and noninvasive arterial blood pressure values were recorded before induction, just after entubation and five minutes after entubation. Results:Demographic values were similar among groups. Incidence of pain on injection of propofol in the control, esmolol and lidocaine groups was 90%, 33.3%, 50% respectively (p<0.05). Heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, and diastolic arterial pressure values were not different between the groups.Conclusion: Pretreatment with low dose esmolol i.v. seems to be effective in attenuating pain during propofol injection.

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Lidocaine for the Prevention of Pain Due to Injection of Propofol

Cited by 209 publications

References 0 publications

In children, nitrous oxide decreases pain on injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine

In children, nitrous oxide decreases pain on injection of propofol mixed with lidocaine

Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Granisetron and Metoclopramide for Reducing Propofol Injection Pain

Pretreatment with a very low dose of intravenous esmolol reduces propofol injection pain.

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