Life course exposure and later disease

McCarron, Peter; Smith, George Davey; Okasha, Mona; McEwen, James

doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(99)00178-x

Cited by 46 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Gender distribution and faculty of study were similar to those of students who did not participate (10). Compared with that of the general population, father's social class was high (shown in Table 1), reflecting the privileged nature of university education at that time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The Glasgow Alumni Cohort Study is a cohort of students who attended a medical examination carried out by trained physicians with at least 3 years of clinical experience at the Student Health Service at Glasgow University between 1948 and 1968 (11,274 males and 3,502 females) (10). Information on sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and “previous medical history” (list of conditions) was obtained through a standardized questionnaire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association Between Irregular Menstruations and Acne With Asthma and Atopy Phenotypes

Galobardes¹,

Patel²,

Henderson³

et al. 2012

American Journal of Epidemiology

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Earlier menarche and irregular periods, among other markers of sex-hormone levels, have been associated with a higher risk of asthma and allergic diseases. This has suggested an etiologic role of sex hormones in the development of these conditions. The authors investigated the association of age at menarche, irregular periods, duration of menstruation, and acne with reported medical history of asthma and/or atopy (hay fever and/or eczema/urticaria) in a historical cohort of students born before the rise in asthma prevalence in the United Kingdom and attending university in 1948–1968. Finding consistent associations in a cohort that has experienced different life-course exposures and has different confounding structure can help to identify causal associations. In the Glasgow Alumni Cohort, irregular periods were associated with atopic asthma (multinomial odds ratio (MOR) = 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33, 5.83) and atopy alone (MOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.84) but not with nonatopic asthma (MOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.45, 2.30), compared with students reporting no asthma and no atopy. The authors found no association with acne, a marker of high testosterone levels, that they hypothesized could point to polycystic ovary syndrome underpinning these associations. In summary, the authors found evidence for a potentially etiologic role of irregular menstruations with some specific asthma phenotypes, namely, atopic asthma and atopy, but not with nonatopic asthma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Irregular Menstruations and Acne With Asthma and Atopy Phenotypes

Galobardes¹,

Patel²,

Henderson³

et al. 2012

American Journal of Epidemiology

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“…A physician took clinical measurements including height and weight and recorded information from the student including sociodemographic, behavioural and medical data. Further details of data collection are available elsewhere29. Approval to use the data was provided retrospectively by MREC Scotland.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Being overweight in early adulthood is associated with increased mortality in middle age

Carslake

Jeffreys

Smith

2016

Sci Rep

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Observational analyses of the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality often suggest that overweight is neutral or beneficial, but such analyses are potentially confounded by smoking or by reverse causation. The use of BMI measured in early adulthood offers one means of reducing the latter problem. We used a cohort who were first measured while 16–24 year old students at Glasgow University in 1948–1968 and subsequently re-measured in 2000–2003, offering a rare opportunity to compare BMI measured at different ages as a predictor of mortality. Analysis of the later BMI measurements suggested that overweight was beneficial to survival, while analysis of BMI measured in early adulthood suggested that overweight was harmful and that the optimum BMI lay towards the lower end of the recommended range of 18.5–25 kg m−2. We interpret the association with later BMI as being probably distorted by reverse causality, although it remains possible instead that the optimum BMI increases with age. Differences when analyses were restricted to healthy non-smokers also suggested some residual confounding by smoking. These results suggest that analyses of BMI recorded in middle or old age probably over-estimate the optimum BMI for survival and should be treated with caution.

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“…Participants were drawn from the Glasgow Alumni Study which has been described in detail elsewhere [14, 15]. In brief, with the establishment of a student health service at the University of Glasgow (Scotland, UK) in 1947, students were invited to a medical examination on entry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining if being overweight really confers protection against dementia: Sixty-four year follow-up of participants in the Glasgow University alumni cohort study

Batty

Galobardes

Starr

et al. 2016

J Negat Results BioMed

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BackgroundRecent large-scale studies suggest that obesity and overweight may confer protection against future dementia. This observation could, however, be generated by reverse causality. That is, weight loss in the incipient phase of dementia ascribed to diminished self-care, including sub-optimal nutrition, would have the effect of generating such an inverse association. One approach to circumventing this problem would be to measure weight in a population which is young enough to be free of the symptoms of dementia which is then followed up for dementia occurrence over many decades.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, body mass index, and other potential risk factors, were measured in 9547 male university undergraduates (mean age 20.5 years) in 1948–68 who were then linked to national mortality registers.ResultsOf 2537 deaths over a mean of 50.6 years follow up, 140 were ascribed to dementia. There was no association between overweight and future dementia deaths (age-adjusted hazard ratio; 95 % confidence interval: 0.93; 0.49, 1.79).ConclusionIn this cohort study of former university students, being overweight in youth did not confer protection against later dementia death.

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Life course exposure and later disease

Cited by 46 publications

References 42 publications

The Association Between Irregular Menstruations and Acne With Asthma and Atopy Phenotypes

The Association Between Irregular Menstruations and Acne With Asthma and Atopy Phenotypes

Being overweight in early adulthood is associated with increased mortality in middle age

Examining if being overweight really confers protection against dementia: Sixty-four year follow-up of participants in the Glasgow University alumni cohort study

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