Life-cycle Analysis of Bioproducts and Their Conventional Counterparts in GREET

Dunn, Jennifer B.; Adom, Felix; Sather, Norm; Han, Jeongwoo; Snyder, Seth W.; He, Chang; Gong, Jian; Yue, Dajun; You, Fengqi

doi:10.2172/1250468

Cited by 54 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Producing chemicals from biomass rather than fossil‐derived sources can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil energy consumption (FEC) of the chemical sector . Furthermore, if high‐value chemicals are co‐produced with biofuels, the economics of biorefineries could improve, improving their economic viability especially in a time of low oil prices …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle analysis of corn‐stover‐derived polymer‐grade l‐lactic acid and ethyl lactate: greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy consumption

Adom

Dunn

2016

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Co‐production of high‐value chemicals with biofuels could improve the economic viability of biorefineries while reducing biofuel life‐cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil energy consumption (FEC). Polymer‐grade lactic acid (PGLA) is a high‐potential bioproduct currently produced from first‐generation feedstocks. Opportunity exists to enhance its environmental performance using cellulosic feedstocks. Moreover, ethyl lactate can be used as a functional replacement for high‐volume, energy‐intensive, and emissions‐intensive petroleum‐derived chemicals such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and ethyl acetate. Based on material and energy flows from Aspen Plus process models that we incorporated into the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model's bioproducts module, we developed life‐cycle GHG emissions and FEC estimates for ethyl lactate and PGLA produced from corn stover. We compared these results to those for fossil‐fuel‐derived counterparts, identified key LCA drivers, and explored the impact of end‐of‐life assumptions on LCA results. Irrespective of the end‐of‐life assumption, all the bioproducts demonstrated lower life‐cycle FEC (10–72%) and GHG emissions (23–90%) than fossil‐derived compounds for which they could serve as a functional replacement. Additionally, we reviewed the role of LCA in three major bioproduct sustainability certification schemes (the BioPreferred Program, the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials, and International Sustainability and Carbon Certification Plus). None mandate an LCA of the bioproduct to assess whether, across the supply chain, these products offer environmental benefits as compared to conventional chemicals they could displace either directly or functionally. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle analysis of corn‐stover‐derived polymer‐grade l‐lactic acid and ethyl lactate: greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy consumption

Adom

Dunn

2016

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Boric Acid (Puettmann, 2000;Puettmann et al, 2016b) Succinic acid (Dunn et al, 2015) LCIA phase created a bridge between the LCI results and expected environmental impacts as mentioned earlier in this study. The LCIA calculated the impact indicators (global warming potential, smog).…”

Section: Data Sourcingmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Primary data was collected to produce NCP, and secondary data sources were used for all other materials, energy and transportation (Table 2). Electricity-Maine (Puettmann et al, 2012) Wood residue production (Puettmann et al, 2016b) Kraft Pulp (Dunn et al, 2015) Corn-starch (URL-5)…”

Section: Data Sourcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of nanocellulose composite panels (NCPs) manufactured using freeze-drying technique

Yıldırım

2018

Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful technique to investigate the environmental impacts of current and new products and production processes. In this research, the LCA of nanocellulose composite panels (NCPs) produced using freeze-drying techniques were studied. The environmental effects of the final product and the production method were reported. The nanocellulose is a bio-based raw material that can be obtained from a variety of natural sources and used in building, construction, packaging, pharmaceutical, and insulation industry. The wood-based cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) produced using mechanical grinding, and the industrial corn-starch (Ethylex 2025) were used as raw materials in this study. The n-Dodecenyl Succinic Anhydride (DDSA) and boric acid (BA -((B(OH) 3 ) -99.94 % pure) were used as treatment materials. As a result of this explanatory research, the cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced using mechanical process were found environmentally friendly as expected. The production process, freeze-drying technique, was not found eco-friendly in laboratory scale. However, using solar energy in full-scale production can decrease the energy consumption up to 76% and would make the process eco-friendlier. The nanocellulose composite panels (NCPs) can be produced using the freeze-drying technique. The findings of this study showed that freeze-drying technique would be feasible and nature-friendly in full-scale production using renewable energy sources.Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), wood based material, nanocellulose, composite panels, freeze-drying Dondurarak-kurutma yöntemi ile üretilmiş nanoselüloz kompozit panellerin yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi (YDD) ÖzYaşam döngüsü değerlendirme (YDD) yöntemi malzemelerin çevreye etkilerini incelemekte etkin bir araçtır. Bu ça-lışmada, dondurarak-kurutma yöntemi ile üretilmiş nanoselüloz kompozit panellerin (NKP) YDD'leri incelenmiştir. Son ürün ve üretim aşamalarının çevreye etkileri belirlenmiş ve raporlanmıştır. Nanoselüloz, biyo bazlı çevreye zararı olmayan ve doğada birçok kaynaktan elde edilebilen, ambalajlama, inşaat, yapı ve benzeri endüstrilerde kullanı-lan doğal bir polimerdir. Bu çalışmada mekaniksel yöntemlerle odun malzemeden üretilmiş selüloz nanolifler (SNL), endüstriyel mısır nişastası (MN), Dodecenyl Succinic Anhydride (DDSA) ve borik asit (BA -((B(OH) 3 ) -% 99.94 saflık) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya dayalı bu çalışmanın sonucunda, odun malzemeden üretilmiş selüloz nanolifler kullanılarak üretilen malzemelerin beklendiği gibi çevreci malzemeler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dondurarak-kurutma yönteminin ise laboratuar ölçeğinde kullanımı çevreci bulunmamıştır. Yapılan ek incelemeler ve araştırmalar; tam ölçekli üretimde, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması durumunda % 76'lık bir iyileştirme olabileceğini göstermiştir. Selüloz nanolif bazlı kompozit malzemelerin dondurarak-kurutma yöntemi ile üretilmesi; tam ölçekli üretim kullanılması ve de yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması durumunda çevreci bulunmuştur.

show abstract

“…technologies were included in the model, as there is no straightforward way to analyze the economic and water footprint impacts of their production from a water-energy nexus perspective. This is done not to imply that production of bioproducts is not promising-Indeed, several studies cite bioproducts as key to enhancing the economic viability of biofuels processes [50][51][52]. However, this possibility is not a focus of this work.…”

Section: Description Of Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Network Modeling Framework and Solution Algorithms for Systems Analysis and Optimization of the Water-Energy Nexus

Garcia

You

2015

Processes

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The water footprint of energy systems must be considered, as future water scarcity has been identified as a major concern. This work presents a general life cycle network modeling and optimization framework for energy-based products and processes using a functional unit of liters of water consumed in the processing pathway. We analyze and optimize the water-energy nexus over the objectives of water footprint minimization, maximization of economic output per liter of water consumed (economic efficiency of water), and maximization of energy output per liter of water consumed (energy efficiency of water). A mixed integer, multiobjective nonlinear fractional programming (MINLFP) model is formulated. A mixed integer linear programing (MILP)-based branch and refine algorithm that incorporates both the parametric algorithm and nonlinear programming (NLP) subproblems is developed to boost solving efficiency. A case study in bioenergy is presented, and the water footprint is considered from biomass cultivation to biofuel production, providing a novel perspective into the consumption of water throughout the value chain. The case study, optimized successively over the three aforementioned objectives, utilizes a variety of candidate biomass feedstocks to meet primary fuel products demand (ethanol, diesel, and gasoline). A minimum water footprint of 55.1 ML/year was found, economic efficiencies of water range from −$1.31/L to $0.76/L, and energy efficiencies of water ranged from 15.32 MJ/L to 27.98 MJ/L. These results show optimization provides avenues for process improvement, as reported values for the energy efficiency of bioethanol range from 0.62 MJ/L to 3.18 MJ/L. Furthermore, the proposed solution approach was shown to OPEN ACCESSProcesses 2015, 3 515 be an order of magnitude more efficient than directly solving the original MINLFP problem with general purpose solvers.

show abstract

Life-cycle Analysis of Bioproducts and Their Conventional Counterparts in GREET

Cited by 54 publications

References 69 publications

Life cycle analysis of corn‐stover‐derived polymer‐grade l‐lactic acid and ethyl lactate: greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy consumption

Life cycle analysis of corn‐stover‐derived polymer‐grade l‐lactic acid and ethyl lactate: greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy consumption

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of nanocellulose composite panels (NCPs) manufactured using freeze-drying technique

Life Cycle Network Modeling Framework and Solution Algorithms for Systems Analysis and Optimization of the Water-Energy Nexus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About