Life Cycle Analysis of Endosymbiotic Algae in an Endosymbiotic Situation with Paramecium bursaria Using Capillary Flow Cytometry

Takahashi, Toshiyuki

doi:10.3390/en10091413

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…This protist generally hosts endosymbiotic Chlorella ‐like green algae (zoochlorellae), although it can be found rarely in nature without them (Tonooka and Watanabe, 2002). Zoochlorella are inherited and their cell cycle is linked to that of their host (Karakashian, 1963; Takahashi, 2017). The Paramecium ‐zoochlorellae relationship has long been deemed a mutualism due to the benefits received by both partners such as the transfer of maltose from the zoochlorellae to the paramecia host (Brown and Nielsen, 1974) and the protection from viruses the zoochlorellae receive from the paramecia (Van Etten and Dunigan, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal adaptation in a holobiont accompanied by phenotypic changes in an endosymbiont

Salsbery

DeLong

2021

Evolution

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How and if organisms can adapt to changing temperatures has drastic consequences for the natural world. Thermal adaptation involves finding a match between temperatures permitting growth and the expected temperature distribution of the environment. However, if and how this match is achieved, and how tightly linked species change together, is poorly understood. Paramecium bursaria is a ciliate that has a tight physiological interaction with endosymbiotic green algae (zoochlorellae). We subjected a wild population of P. bursaria to a cold and warm climate (20 and 32℃) for ∼300 generations. We then measured the thermal performance curve (TPC) for intrinsic rate of growth (rmax) for these evolved lines across temperatures. We also evaluated number and size of the zoochlorellae populations within paramecia cells. TPCs for warm‐adapted populations were shallower and broader than TPCs of cold‐adapted populations, indicating that the warm populations adapted by moving along a thermal generalist/specialist trade off rather than right‐shifting the TPC. Zoochlorellae populations within cold‐adapted paramecia had fewer and larger zoochlorellae than hot‐adapted paramecia, indicating phenotypic shifts in the endosymbiont accompany thermal adaptation in the host. Our results provide new and novel insight into how species involved in complex interactions will be affected by continuing increasing global temperatures.

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confidence: 99%

Thermal adaptation in a holobiont accompanied by phenotypic changes in an endosymbiont

Salsbery

DeLong

2021

Evolution

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“…Analogously with spectrofluorometry, FCM can detect chlorophyll autofluorescence of algae. Furthermore, unlike UV-Vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry, FCM can evaluate multiparametric properties of individual alga [28,29] (Figure 1). Recently, FCM has also been useful to ascertain total cell counts.…”

Section: Spectrofluorometry and Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine Management of Microalgae Using Autofluorescence from Chlorophyll

Takahashi

2019

Molecules

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From a high-potential biomass perspective, microalgae have recently attracted considerable attention due to their extensive application in many areas. Although studies searching for algal species with extensive application potential are ongoing, technical development for their assessment and maintenance of quality in culture are also critical and inescapable challenges. Considering the sensitivity of microalgae to environmental changes, management of algal quality is one of the top priorities for industrial applications. Helping substitute for conventional methods such as manual hemocytometry, turbidity, and spectrophotometry, this review presents an image-based, automated cell counter with a fluorescence filter to measure chlorophyll autofluorescence emitted by algae. Capturing chlorophyll-bearing cells selectively, the device accomplished precise qualification of algal numbers. The results for cell density using the device with fluorescence detection were almost identical to those obtained using hemocytometry. The automated functions of the device allow operators to reduce working hours, for not only cell density analysis but simultaneous multiparametric analysis such as cell size and algal status based on chlorophyll integrity. The automated device boldly supports further development of algal application and might contribute to opening up more avenues in the microalgal industry.

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“…Evaluating the cell growth cycle of algae is crucially important for algal applications [23]. In these studies, optical density (OD), also known as absorbance or turbidity, is frequently used as a rapid and non-destructive measurement of biomass in cultures of bacteria and other microorganism [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Biomass Concentration, Multi-Wavelength Absorption and Discrimination Method for Seven Important Marine Microalgae Species

2018

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Due to the possible depletion of fossil fuels in the near future and the necessity of finding new food sources for a growing world population, marine microalgae constitutes a very promising alternative resource, which can also contribute to carbon dioxide fixation. Thus, seven species (Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros gracilis, Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis gaditana, Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis suecica, and Tetraselmis chuii) were grown in five serial batch cultures at a bench scale under continuous illumination. The batch cultures were inoculated with an aliquot that was extracted from a larger-scale culture in order to obtain growth data valid for the entire growth cycle with guaranteed reproducibility. Thus, measurements of optical density at several wavelengths and cell counting with a haemocytometer (Neubauer chamber) were performed every one or two days for 22 days in the five batch cultures of each specie. Modeling of cell growth, the relationship between optical density (OD) and cell concentration and the effect of wavelength on OD was performed. The results of this study showed the highest and lowest growth rate for N. gaditana and T. suecica, respectively. Furthermore, a simple and accurate discrimination method by performing direct single OD measurements of microalgae culture aliquots was developed and is already available for free on internet.

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Life Cycle Analysis of Endosymbiotic Algae in an Endosymbiotic Situation with Paramecium bursaria Using Capillary Flow Cytometry

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Thermal adaptation in a holobiont accompanied by phenotypic changes in an endosymbiont

Thermal adaptation in a holobiont accompanied by phenotypic changes in an endosymbiont

Routine Management of Microalgae Using Autofluorescence from Chlorophyll

Modelling of Biomass Concentration, Multi-Wavelength Absorption and Discrimination Method for Seven Important Marine Microalgae Species

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