Life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions of China's power generation on spatial and temporal scale

Zhu, Xiaonan; Wang, Shurong; Wang, Lei

doi:10.1002/ese3.1100

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…(See details in SI Note S5, Tables S4 and S6.) We collect emission factors for various stages of each technology, ,− as shown in Table S7. Our analysis considers emissions of GHGs (CO 2 , methane, hydrogen) using both GWP20 and GWP100 metrics, accounting for both direct and indirect climate effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsidizing Grid-Based Electrolytic Hydrogen Will Increase Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Coal Dominated Power Systems

Peng,

Guo,

Liu

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Clean hydrogen has the potential to serve as an energy carrier and feedstock in decarbonizing energy systems, especially in “hard-to-abate” sectors. Although many countries have implemented policies to promote electrolytic hydrogen development, the impact of these measures on costs of production and greenhouse gas emissions remains unclear. Our study conducts an integrated analysis of provincial levelized costs and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for all hydrogen production types in China. We find that subsidies are critical to accelerate low carbon electrolytic hydrogen development. Subsidies on renewable-based hydrogen provide cost-effective carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emission reductions. However, subsidies on grid-based hydrogen increase CO2e emissions even compared with coal-based hydrogen because grid electricity in China still relies heavily on coal power and likely will beyond 2030. In fact, CO2e emissions from grid-based hydrogen may increase further if China continues to approve new coal power plants. The levelized costs of renewable energy-based electrolytic hydrogen vary among provinces. Transporting renewable-based hydrogen through pipelines from low- to high-cost production regions reduces the national average levelized cost of renewables-based hydrogen but may increase the risk of hydrogen leakage and the resulting indirect warming effects. Our findings emphasize that policy and economic support for nonfossil electrolytic hydrogen is critical to avoid an increase in CO2e emissions as hydrogen use rises during a clean energy transition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsidizing Grid-Based Electrolytic Hydrogen Will Increase Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Coal Dominated Power Systems

Peng,

Guo,

Liu

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…1,2 Among renewable energy resources, wind energy is a suitable resource with low environmental impact and high accessibility, harvested by wind turbines. 3 Compared to horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs), vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) occupy less land 4 ; they are cost-effective since they capture energy from the wind without a yaw mechanism, and their generator and gearbox are on the ground [5][6][7] ; their generated noise is low. 7,8 They capture power from turbulent wind, making them suitable for urban areas or regions away from the electricity grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growing need for energy in different societies to make a living alongside the environmental and social effects of using fossil fuels has led governments to expand and improve renewable energy 1,2 . Among renewable energy resources, wind energy is a suitable resource with low environmental impact and high accessibility, harvested by wind turbines 3 . Compared to horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs), vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) occupy less land 4 ; they are cost‐effective since they capture energy from the wind without a yaw mechanism, and their generator and gearbox are on the ground 5–7 ; their generated noise is low 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized configuration with economic evaluation for shrouded vertical axis wind turbines applicable for urban structures

Rafiei,

Gharali,

Soltani

2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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In recent urban buildings, there is an interest in using wind turbines inside the buildings. Thus, the rotors of wind turbines are shrouded by the walls of the buildings. A design for using wind turbines in urban areas is to use shrouded turbines on the roof of a building. Since vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) with low environmental impacts are recommended for energy supply in urban areas, here, the interaction of two shrouded VAWTs has been studied numerically. Based on the effects of different shroud parts, the diffuser‐shrouded turbines are selected. The arrangement of diffuser‐shrouded VAWTs has been optimized using the response surface method optimization with the Kriging model. The optimization samples are chosen by the design of experiment method to reduce the number of simulations and increase optimization accuracy. The total power coefficient of the optimized cluster is 46.2% higher than the sum of the same individual diffuser‐shrouded turbines and 149.6% higher than the sum of individual bare VAWTs. The economic assessment shows that the levelized cost of energy of the optimized cluster of two diffuser‐shrouded VAWTs is reduced by about 40% compared to two bare VAWTs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increasing intensification of the energy crisis and environmental pollution with fossil fuels, the wide use of renewable energy becomes an inherent requirement for the development of a low-carbon economy. 1,2 However, most renewable energy sources are intermittent and unstable, causing a serious imbalance between energy supply and demand. 3,4 To address this issue, energy storage devices can effectively absorb the unstable output of renewable energy and also realize the dynamic power compensation for the end-users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid photovoltaic‐liquid air energy storage system for deep decarbonization

Chen

Feng

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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Nowadays most photovoltaic (PV) plants usually use battery energy storage technology to smooth fluctuant power, but batteries have the drawbacks of a short lifetime and environmental pollution. The existing renewable power networks have serious problems with decarbonizing electricity on the end-user side. This paper investigates a new hybrid photovoltaic-liquid air energy storage (PV-LAES) system to provide solutions for the low-carbon transition for future power and energy networks. In this article, a local PV power plant cooperates with its maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-based boost converter, to generate low-carbon electricity with some uncertain fluctuations.Then a zero-emission-air-based LAES unit is used to absorb the surplus power from the PV plant, and also compensate power for the local load with inadequate power level. This makes the new system save a large proportion of power from main grids, which can also indirectly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For the MW-class PV-LAES case, results show that the surplus renewable electricity (6.73 MWh) generates 27.12 tons of liquid air for energy backups during the day time, and then the LAES unit has a round-trip efficiency of 47.4% that can discharge a flexible power compensation to the load in the night. Accordingly, the grid power demand reduces significantly from 12.78 to 3.33 MWh in a day. In this way, the annual power savings is estimated to be 3449.25 MWh, and the corresponding carbon emission can be reduced by 2607.63 tons. Regarding the economic performance, the PV-LAES system presents a dynamic payback period of 9.33 years and an accumulated life-cycle net profit of $2,260,011. Overall, the proposed PV-LAES scheme is economically feasible from a life-cycle perspective, and can potentially realize flexible energy interaction with local renewables to achieve an integrated lowcarbon power generation and storage system.

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Life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions of China's power generation on spatial and temporal scale

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Subsidizing Grid-Based Electrolytic Hydrogen Will Increase Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Coal Dominated Power Systems

Subsidizing Grid-Based Electrolytic Hydrogen Will Increase Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Coal Dominated Power Systems

Optimized configuration with economic evaluation for shrouded vertical axis wind turbines applicable for urban structures

Hybrid photovoltaic‐liquid air energy storage system for deep decarbonization

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