Life cycle assessment of biodiesel from estuarine microalgae

Saranya, G.; Ramachandra, T. V.

doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2020.100065

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In this stage of LCA, key environmental impacts are quantified and distributed in various environmental categories depending upon the functional unit, system boundary, modelled systems and need of the decision-makers. Some studies computed net energy ratio to evaluate the usability of biofuels as energy sources (Al-Mawali et al 2021;Al-Muhtaseb et al 2021;Dasan et al 2019;Im-Orb and Arpornwichanop 2020;Reaño 2020;Saranya and Ramachandra 2020), which is defined as the ratio of output energy to input energy for the overall process (Pleanjai and Gheewala 2009). Mid-point categories used for expressing life cycle environmental impacts were: global warming potential (100 years), which includes greenhouse emissions is generally expressed as kg CO 2 equivalent for a time horizon of 100 years.…”

Section: Mid-point Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It showed that use for waste as an energy source should follow not only waste hierarchy but also life cycle assessment. Some of the impacts recorded for incineration (with electricity and heat recovery-best case) and biodiesel production using 1 tonne of spent coffee grounds are below energy demand, fossil depletion, metal depletion, particulate matter formation, stratospheric ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant Ozone layer depletion for biodiesel production = 0.25 g CFC-11 eq Ozone layer depletion for incineration = 0.18 g CFC-11 eq Human toxicity (non-carcinogens) for biodiesel production = 357 kg 1,4 DB eq Human toxicity (non-carcinogens) for incineration = 5 kg 1,4 DB eq kg Sb eq/kg of biochar Saranya and Ramachandra, (2020) Net energy ratio and…”

Section: Uncertainty Scenario and Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was no study identified that included all the three phases of biofuel production along with uncertainty, sensitivity and scenario analyses. Moreover, most of the studies that computed net energy ratio (Al-Mawali et al 2021;Al-Muhtaseb et al 2021;Dasan et al 2019;Im-Orb and Arpornwichanop 2020;Reaño 2020;Saranya and Ramachandra 2020), which is defined as the ratio of output energy/input energy for the overall process (Pleanjai and Gheewala 2009), recorded net energy ratio > 1, showing the importance of biofuels as energy sources.…”

Section: Key Points Observed In Life Cycle Assessment Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review

et al. 2021

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The global energy demand is projected to rise by almost 28% by 2040 compared to current levels. Biomass is a promising energy source for producing either solid or liquid fuels. Biofuels are alternatives to fossil fuels to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, policy decisions for biofuels should be based on evidence that biofuels are produced in a sustainable manner. To this end, life cycle assessment (LCA) provides information on environmental impacts associated with biofuel production chains. Here, we review advances in biomass conversion to biofuels and their environmental impact by life cycle assessment. Processes are gasification, combustion, pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis routes and fermentation. Thermochemical processes are classified into low temperature, below 300 °C, and high temperature, higher than 300 °C, i.e. gasification, combustion and pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is promising because it operates at a relatively lower temperature of up to 500 °C, compared to gasification, which operates at 800–1300 °C. We focus on 1) the drawbacks and advantages of the thermochemical and biochemical conversion routes of biomass into various fuels and the possibility of integrating these routes for better process efficiency; 2) methodological approaches and key findings from 40 LCA studies on biomass to biofuel conversion pathways published from 2019 to 2021; and 3) bibliometric trends and knowledge gaps in biomass conversion into biofuels using thermochemical and biochemical routes. The integration of hydrothermal and biochemical routes is promising for the circular economy.

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Section: Mid-point Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uncertainty Scenario and Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Points Observed In Life Cycle Assessment Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review

et al. 2021

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“…It is indicated that microalgae-to-butanol chain is more ecofriendly than the microalgae-to-diesel chain due to lower LCA impacts [207]. Life cycle assessment of bioreactor for biodiesel production from microalgae revealed a fossil energy requirement variation between 3.6 and 5.7 MJ kg −1 , a GHG emission of 0.85-1.46 kg CO 2 -eq kg −1 biodiesel, and a reduction in fossil energy requirement of approximately 87.3% in the pilot substrate-based microalgal bioreactor [208]. The net CO 2 balance was −26 t d −1 in the scenario with highest photosynthetic efficiency and higher biomass productivity.…”

Section: Life-cycle Assessments (Lcas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation and Biorefinery of Microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for Producing Biofuels and Other Byproducts: A Review

et al. 2021

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Microalgae-based carbon dioxide (CO2) biofixation and biorefinery are the most efficient methods of biological CO2 reduction and reutilization. The diversification and high-value byproducts of microalgal biomass, known as microalgae-based biorefinery, are considered the most promising platforms for the sustainable development of energy and the environment, in addition to the improvement and integration of microalgal cultivation, scale-up, harvest, and extraction technologies. In this review, the factors influencing CO2 biofixation by microalgae, including microalgal strains, flue gas, wastewater, light, pH, temperature, and microalgae cultivation systems are summarized. Moreover, the biorefinery of Chlorella biomass for producing biofuels and its byproducts, such as fine chemicals, feed additives, and high-value products, are also discussed. The technical and economic assessments (TEAs) and life cycle assessments (LCAs) are introduced to evaluate the sustainability of microalgae CO2 fixation technology. This review provides detailed insights on the adjusted factors of microalgal cultivation to establish sustainable biological CO2 fixation technology, and the diversified applications of microalgal biomass in biorefinery. The economic and environmental sustainability, and the limitations and needs of microalgal CO2 fixation, are discussed. Finally, future research directions are provided for CO2 reduction by microalgae.

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“…Diversification of fuel sources such as biofuels and renewable fuels has contributed to reducing the need to exploit fossil fuels and harmful emissions, which will reduce the impact on the environment. Biodiesel is considered an effective alternative and a blended fuel source because the technical specifications are like diesel fuel but with cleaner emissions [3]- [11]. Pangasius fish fat oil can become a suitable source of diesel fuel with environmental benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Produced from Pangasius Oil Operating a Diesel Engine: Case Study in Vietnam

Nguyen¹,

Nguyen²,

Ly³

et al. 2022

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology

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Fossil fuel is one of the sources leading to the increasing greenhouse gas that causes global warming. It is also seen that the volume of oil discovered worldwide every five years is decreasing. Finding ways to replace petrol-diesel with biodiesel for use in internal combustion engines to reduce CO2 and overcome the diminishing supply of crude oil has attracted many researchers. Viet Nam is a country known as one of the world's largest producers of catfish. We mix biodiesel produced from Vietnamese pangasius fish fat with petrol-diesel at four blend ratios of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% to produce samples labeled, B0, B20, B40, and B60, respectively. These biodiesel blends were then used to operate a petrol-diesel engine for experimental investigation. The results show that the torque and power would decrease as the biofuel ratio increased. However, the rate of decrease of these parameters did not exceed 16%, even when the ratio of biofuel in the biodiesel was up to 60%. The average power reduction of biodiesel blends was only about 8.70%. In terms of exhaust emissions, there was a significant reduction of CO, NOx, HC, CO2, and smoke opacity when biodiesel was used. The CO, CO2, and smoke opacity reduction was about 64.3%,15.1%, and 23.2% for the B60 fuel. In addition, the results also indicate that it is entirely possible to use biofuel produced from pangasius fish fat for internal combustion engines without changing the engine structure.

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Life cycle assessment of biodiesel from estuarine microalgae

Cited by 24 publications

References 84 publications

Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review

Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review

Cultivation and Biorefinery of Microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for Producing Biofuels and Other Byproducts: A Review

Biodiesel Produced from Pangasius Oil Operating a Diesel Engine: Case Study in Vietnam

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