“…Voluntary transactions between providers and users of ecosystem services could not reflect the "fair" value provided by ecosystems (Wunder, 2015), Payment for ecosystem services was advocated widely as a potential solution to pollution problems faced in agricultural production. Research on payment for ecosystem services originated from payment programs for rainforests in Central and South America, and gradually expanded into other fields, including agricultural land conservation programs, organic farming payments, and so on (Jaeck & Lifran, 2014;Accatino et al, 2019;Borghesi et al, 2022). In addition, implementation issues were explored in-depth, such as shareholder or farmer's willingness to accept payments, consumer's willingness to pay for organic or green products, the appropriate level of compensation, and factors affecting participants' behaviors (Atinkut et al, 2020;Choruma & Odume, 2019;Huang et al, 2018;Jaeck & Lifran, 2014;Pouta et al, 2021).…”