Life Cycle Assessment of<scp>e</scp>‐Waste – Waste Cellphone Recycling

He, Pengwei; Feng, Haibo; Chhipi‐Shrestha, Gyan; Hewage, Kasun; Sadiq, Rehan

doi:10.1002/9783527816392.ch11

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The LCA method quantitatively assesses environmental impacts clearly and more broadly [5]. The process consists of goal and scope setting, product life cycle inventory analysis of data (LCI), assessment of potential environmental impacts (LCIA), and interpretation of the resulting impact [6][7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifecycle Assessment of the Contact Smart Card Product in Indonesia

Murti

Yanuar

Tasurun³

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Smart Contact Cards have been widely used in Indonesia, especially in the banking sector. Bank Indonesia data shows an increase in the production of Card-Based Payment Instruments (APMK) consisting of Credit Cards, Debit Cards and Debit+ATM Cards. This is also followed by an increase in transactions using APMK from year to year. The large amount of contact Smart Card waste that is disposed of every year presents a major risk of environmental pollution. This study evaluates the potential environmental impact of the contact Smart Card product based on a life cycle assessment (LCA). The input data for all elements are obtained from the literature study with Gate-to-Gate System Constraints. The assessment was carried out with the help of OpenLCA v.1.8.0 software, ELCD 3.2 database and CML (Baseline) impact assessment method. The results of the analysis show that Marine aquatic ecotoxicity is a significant potential environmental impact with a magnitude of 96%, followed by Acidification and Human Toxicity. Each contact Smart Card has 62,04526 kg1,4-DBeq in Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential, 2,22473 kgSO2eq as Acidification Potential and 0.37285 kg1,4-DBeq as Human Toxicity Potential. Further examination also shows that most of the impact comes from the choice of materials used. Copper material as the main material for the chip module plays an important role in providing environmental impact.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifecycle Assessment of the Contact Smart Card Product in Indonesia

Murti

Yanuar

Tasurun³

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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show abstract

“…One prime illustration is that it has been employed to assess a product's life cycle from raw material extraction to product usage and eventual disposal [53]. Other studies have concentrated on a specific product's production stage and during its end-of-life stage, while others have focused on waste management [52,54].…”

Section: Environmental Benefits Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Material Flow of WEEE in a Data-Constrained Environment—The Case of Jordan

Al-Khatib,

Fraige

2024

Recycling

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The rising concerns about electric and electronic equipment waste (WEEE) come from the rapid increase in demand for appliances and the decreasing lifetimes of equipment. Setting a sustainable WEEE management system that exploits this secondary resource is paramount to maximize resource efficiency, mitigate its environmental impact, and stimulate the circular economy. This paper aims, for the first time, to quantify the material flow expected from recycling the generated WEEE, propose the number of plants required to recycle this secondary resource, and outline the expected economic and environmental benefits that could be achieved from recycling operations. The findings of material flow calculations show that the amount of steel, copper, and aluminum is predominant in the WEEE composition. Also, the expected metal content in WEEE in 2022 is approximately 26 kt, 3.3 kt, and 2.5 kt, respectively. These are expected to substantially increase to approximately 109 kt, 11.9 kt, and 9 kt for the three metals in 2050, respectively. Other valuable metals are doubling their quantities between 2022 and 2050 to reach approximately 1133 kg silver and 475 kg gold. Approximately, four treatment plants are required to recover these materials in 2030 with relative installation costs of USD 100 million. The forecasted financial revenues of recovering materials included in WEEE and indicators for environmental impact based on life cycle assessment (LCA) are calculated. The results of this study can serve as a preliminary reference for future usage in guiding effective planning for WEEE recycling and sustainable management in the country.

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“…The economic and environmental benefits of recycling electronic components are limited. Analogous to mobile phone recycling, GHG emissions during electronics recycling range from −0.2 to 0 according to He et al [43]. By analogy with the electronics industry, the scale of recycling electronic components is small compared to the total production.…”

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

A Greenhouse Gas Footprint Analysis of Advanced Hardware Technologies in Connected Autonomous Vehicles

Zhang,

Zhao,

Song

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Greenhouse gas emissions are a critical concern for China’s automotive industry, especially for passenger cars due to their high sales’ volume. Recently, the trend towards connected and autonomous driving vehicles has been significant in the passenger car market. However, the impact of these systems on the life cycle emissions of vehicles remains unclear. This paper focuses on system function levels from driver assistance to full driving automation and studies their life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. This research establishes a component list for the hardware system and a material inventory. Then, this paper reveals significant differences in total system emissions at these technology levels, 540.1 kg for primary, 1318.7 kg for medium, and 2279.2 kg for advanced systems. Despite this difference, the total is less than 7.23% of the total vehicle emissions. To further reduce this portion of GHG emissions, it is recommended that vehicles favor millimeter-wave radar over solid-state LiDAR in their sensing system hardware, coupled with cameras as the primary sensing element. In addition, Intelligent Hardware Systems are not recommended for internal combustion engine passenger cars for optimal balance between functionality and environmental impact.

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Life Cycle Assessment ofe‐Waste – Waste Cellphone Recycling

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Lifecycle Assessment of the Contact Smart Card Product in Indonesia

Lifecycle Assessment of the Contact Smart Card Product in Indonesia

The Potential Material Flow of WEEE in a Data-Constrained Environment—The Case of Jordan

A Greenhouse Gas Footprint Analysis of Advanced Hardware Technologies in Connected Autonomous Vehicles

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