Life-Cycle Cost and Optimization of PV Systems Based on Power Duration Curve with Variable Performance Ratio and Availability

Analytical and detailed evaluation of power and energy losses in PV plants aiming at their integration in future ancillary services markets

“…After [23], [32], [33], there have been some studies, [140], [141], for optimum PVPP sizing based on the Annual Power Duration Curve (PDC). For fixed-mounted PVPPs in [140] the authors follow the reverse procedure than the one of [23], i.e.…”

“…A very recent report [141] by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the U.S. Department of Energy supports the use of the Annual PDC. In [141] a new analytical expression is derived but the design engineer does have to construct the PDC to determine its coefficients. The latter can be determined based on a specific procedure similar to the one in [23], [33] and the analysis followed in Chapter 3.…”

“…The latter can be determined based on a specific procedure similar to the one in [23], [33] and the analysis followed in Chapter 3. However, in the analysis followed in [141], the efficiency of the PV converter, ηinv, is considered constant. rated DC,maximum inv…”

“…On the other hand, CF values in conversion technology literature often include the effects of the solar resource but also balance-of-system efficiency, maintenance problems, and downtime. For this analysis presented in [141], the definition that is adopted is the one where CF represents only the solar resource and not balance-of-system efficiency or maintenance problems and down-time.…”

“…2.25 PDC of Eq. (2.39) and hourly TMY data for Quillayute, Washington; Daggett, California; and Athens, Georgia,[141]…”