Life-cycle energy and environmental analysis of bioethanol production from cassava in Thailand

Improving Production of Bioethanol from Duckweed (Landoltia punctata) by Pectinase Pretreatment

“…However, these ethanol production modes have some inherent problems, including food security and agricultural land insufficiency [2]. The same dilemma also exists in the ethanol production using other feedstocks containing abundant carbohydrates, such as sweet potato and cassava, which have the potential to be converted into ethanol [3,4]. Although lignocellulosic biomass is regarded as a promising feedstock for ethanol production, there are still several obstacles (for example, the lack of an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly pretreatment process) to be overcome for economically feasible ethanol production [5].…”

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency on transcriptional regulation of genes encoding key enzymes of starch metabolism in duckweed ( Landoltia punctata )

“…Currently, bioethanol is mainly produced from high starch plants, such as corn, sweet potato, and cassava (Sanchez and Cardona, 2008;Papong and Malakul, 2010). However, these plants compete with crop plants for an insufficient amount of agricultural land and cause adverse impacts on food security.…”

Uncertainty Analysis of the Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Renewability of Biofuels

“…in Shapouri et al (1995), Shapouri et al (2002), Liska and Cassman (2008) and Papong and Malakul (2010) 2 . In this case, negative net energy values indicate that (bio)fuel is non-renewable, while positive values indicate the fuel is renewable to a certain extent.…”

“…In fact, various indicators have been used, often with the same meaning but different definition, or inversely, e.g. overall energy efficiency (Boustead and Hancock, 1979;Boustead, 2003); energy efficiency (ADEME, 2002); gross energy requirement and net energy requirement (Wilting 1996); energy requirement (Whitaker et al, 2010); overall energy balance (Armstrong et al, 2002); energy balance (Börjesson and Tufvesson, 2011); cumulative energy demand (Huijbregts et al, 2006); input/output energy balance, cumulative energy requirement, fossil energy requirement, and renewable energy requirement (Cherubini et al, 2009); net energy use, and energy substitution efficiency (Gnansounou et al, 2009); energy ratio (Liska and Cassman, 2008;Papong and Malakul, 2010); net energy yield (Liska and Cassman 2008); and energy return on investment 1 (Poldy, 2008). In particular, Sheehan et al (1998) have used the life-cycle energy efficiency (LCEE), defined as the ratio between the biofuel energy content and the biofuel GER:…”