Life Cycle of Plasmodiophora brassicae

Kageyama, Koji; Asano, Takeshi

doi:10.1007/s00344-009-9101-z

Cited by 277 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This stage is termed the root hair infection stage, and inside root hairs, the pathogen forms primary plasmodia (Agrios, 2005). As reported previously, sporangia are produced 4 days after inoculation (Kageyama and Asano, 2009). In this study, we found that primary plasma inside the root hair of susceptible lines began to multiply, increasing gradually, and more than a quarter of the lines were occupied on the 7th day after inoculation (Figure 2a); Thus, this stage was referred to as the root hair infection stage, similarly to the results of Agrios (2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The life cycle of P. brassicae consists of 3 phases: survival in the soil, root hair infection, and cortical infection (Kageyama and Asano, 2009), but the effects in Chinese cabbage infected with P. brassicae are unclear, including the types of reactions and the lengths of different infection phases. In this study, we examined the morphological and internal changes of Chinese cabbage root during infection by P. brassicae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Chinese cabbage

Zhao

Xing

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Brassica crops infected by Plasmodiophora brassicae can produce root galls (clubroots) and be prevented from growing normally. To understand the series of changes that occur in the host root during root gall production, the resistance character of 21 Chinese cabbage lines were identified and then resistant and susceptible lines were used for infection observation. Hydroponic technology system was used for plants growing, and the infection process of P. brassicae in the roots of resistant and susceptible Chinese cabbage was examined based on morphology and microscopic characteristics using micoscope. In susceptible Chinese cabbage, the root hair infection stage occurred over approximately 7 days after inoculation, the cortical infection happened over approximatly 14 days after inoculation, and clubroots formed in approximately 30 days after inoculation. However, in resistant Chinese cabbage, the pathogen could be prevented and maintained in the root hair infection stage. This research provides a foundation for the subsequent studies of cabbage resistance of P. brassicae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Chinese cabbage

Zhao

Xing

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…In 2010, phylogenetic analysis also placed P. brassicae in the protist subgroup Rhizaria [5], one of the more poorly understood subgroups of the eukaryotes [5,6]. Plants affected by P. brassicae develop galls (abnormal outgrowths similar to tumors) on their roots to support the development of secondary plasmodia during the pathogen life cycle (Figure 1A) 7 . Gall formation leads to wilting associated with difficulties in water and nutrient uptake by the plant, and subsequent death [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants affected by P. brassicae develop galls (abnormal outgrowths similar to tumors) on their roots to support the development of secondary plasmodia during the pathogen life cycle (Figure 1A) 7 . Gall formation leads to wilting associated with difficulties in water and nutrient uptake by the plant, and subsequent death [7]. Mature secondary plasmodia, the last stage of the pathogen life cycle, develop into resting spores that are released into the soil where they can resist severe environmental conditions for up to 20 years [7], making it almost impossible to prevent the disease through crop rotation and/or chemical treatments [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gall formation leads to wilting associated with difficulties in water and nutrient uptake by the plant, and subsequent death [7]. Mature secondary plasmodia, the last stage of the pathogen life cycle, develop into resting spores that are released into the soil where they can resist severe environmental conditions for up to 20 years [7], making it almost impossible to prevent the disease through crop rotation and/or chemical treatments [1].

10.1080/21505594.2018.1504560-F0001Figure 1.Brassica plant root affected by Plasmodiophora brassicae .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Plasmodiophora brassicae effectors — A challenging goal

et al. 2018

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Clubroot is an economically important disease affecting Brassica plants worldwide. Plasmodiophora brassicae is the protist pathogen associated with the disease, and its soil-borne obligate parasitic nature has impeded studies related to its biology and the mechanisms involved in its infection of the plant host. The identification of effector proteins is key to understanding how the pathogen manipulates the plant’s immune response and the genes involved in resistance. After more than 140 years studying clubroot and P. brassicae, very little is known about the effectors playing key roles in the infection process and subsequent disease progression. Here we analyze the information available for identified effectors and suggest several features of effector genes that can be used in the search for others. Based on the information presented in this review, we propose a comprehensive bioinformatics pipeline for effector identification and provide a list of the bioinformatics tools available for such.

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