Life‐cycle studies with 2 marine species and bisphenol A: The mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) and sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus)

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume compound primarily used to produce epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastic. Exposure to low concentrations of BPA occurs in freshwater and marine systems, primarily from wastewater treatment plant discharges. The dataset for chronic toxicity of BPA to freshwater organisms includes studies on fish, amphibians, invertebrates, algae, and aquatic plants. To broaden the dataset, a 1.5-generation test with sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) and a full life-cycle test with mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) were conducted. Testing focused on apical endpoints of survival, growth and development, and reproduction. The respective no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) values of 170 and 370 mg/L for mysid and 66 and 130 mg/L for sheepshead were based on reduced fecundity. The hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5) values of 18 mg/L were calculated from species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) with freshwater-only data and combined freshwater and marine data. Inclusion of marine data resulted in no apparent difference in SSD shape, R 2 values for the distributions, or HC5 values. Upper-bound 95th percentile concentrations of BPA measured in marine waters of North America and Europe (0.024 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively) are below the HC5 value of 18 mg/L. These results suggest that marine and freshwater species are of generally similar sensitivity and that chronic studies using a diverse set of species can be combined to assess the aquatic toxicity of BPA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:398-410. C

The Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System Response of the Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to Bisphenol-A Toxicity

“…Thus, BPA leaching into the aquatic environment represents a potential risk [2]. Therefore, extensive toxicity studies concerning its impacts on aquatic organisms have been conducted mainly focusing on animals (i.e., fish, amphibians, crustaceans and 2 of 14 mollusks) [8,9] and microalgae [10], where the effects of higher than the environmentally relevant concentrations were investigated. BPA endocrine disruption effects were detected even at the concentrations below 1 µg m −3 [11], and the scarcity of data concerning BPA impact on aquatic organisms is particularly alarming [2] since, BPA disrupts a broad range of biological functions [12].…”

SSDs Revisited: Part I—A Framework for Sample Size Guidance on Species Sensitivity Distribution Analysis

“…The use of probabilistic extrapolation methods emerged as an additional tier in the hazard assessment process (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 1992). These methods, generally called species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) today, have been used in hazard evaluations of chemicals in freshwater, marine, sediment, and terrestrial environments (Krogh et al 2007;Diepens et al 2017;Mihaich et al 2018;Nys et al 2018) and can be useful for describing perturbations in general (Posthuma et al 2002).…”

Evaluation of Phytotoxic and Clastogenic Potential of Phenolic Pollutant Bisphenol A and its Bioremediated Product in Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Allium cepa

“…Rivers and lakes, present near industrial areas, are heavily contaminated by BPA. Aquatic communities of fish, amphibian, benthos, plankton, molluscs, primitive sponges, and algae residing in water bodies are adversely affected by continuous exposure of BPA (Mihaich et al, 2018). In similar manner, plants and crops may get exposed to this chemical because of fields irrigated with landfill leachate discharge, sewage sludge and wastewater effluent containing BPA (Corrales et al, 2015).…”