Life cycle water footprint of hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel production from lignocellulosic biomass

Wong, Andy H.; Zhang, Hao; Kumar, Amit

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.045

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In case of the green and blue WF, water “consumption” refers to the amount of water that evaporates and is therefore not available for another use in the same catchment in the same time period. Several studies on the WF of biofuels have been conducted, where some focused on a single crop and specific country , or several crops in a specific county, whereas others compared the WF of different crops and conversion processes. , Studies of a global scope have considered most countries and a variety of crops. − Yet other studies focused on second-generation biofuels based on lignocellulosic feedstock, ,, or microalgae. , All of these studies have shown that the production of biofuel is water-intensive and could have adverse effects on both water scarcity and water quality. The WF of biofuels is considerably larger than that of fossil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36,37 Studies of a global scope have considered most countries and a variety of crops. 38−41 Yet other studies focused on second-generation biofuels based on lignocellulosic feedstock, 36,42,43 or microalgae. 44,45 All of these studies have shown that the production of biofuel is water-intensive and could have adverse effects on both water scarcity and water quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water, Energy, and Carbon Footprints of Bioethanol from the U.S. and Brazil

Mekonnen

Romanelli

Ray

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Driven by biofuel policies, which aim to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increase domestic energy supply, global production and consumption of bioethanol have doubled between 2007 and 2016, with rapid growth in corn-based bioethanol in the U.S. and sugar cane-based bioethanol in Brazil. Advances in crop yields, energy use efficiency in fertilizer production, biomass-to-ethanol conversion rates, and energy efficiency in ethanol production have improved the energy balance and GHG emission reduction potential of bioethanol. In the current study, digitalcommons.unl.edu

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water, Energy, and Carbon Footprints of Bioethanol from the U.S. and Brazil

Mekonnen

Romanelli

Ray

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…In reality, with the best prices per hectare, palm oil is the cheapest vegetable oil among all vegetable oil feedstocks. It is also currently used in the production of HVO by the Nest Oil feedstock [126]. Jatropha is a plant that is thought to thrive on wastelands and can also be used to replenish the soil.…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessment Of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel and green diesel generation: an overview

Vignesh¹,

Kumar

Ganesh

et al. 2021

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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First, second, third, and fourth-generation biofuels are continuously evolving as a promising substitute to petrodiesel catalyzed by energy depletion, economic and environmental considerations. Bio-diesel can be synthesized from various biomass sources, which are commonly divided into FAME and renewable biodiesel. FAME biodiesel is generally produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils and fats while renewable diesel is produced by hydro-deoxygenation of vegetable and waste oils and fats. The different generation, processing technologies and standards for FAME and renewable biodiesel are reviewed. Finally, the life cycle analysis and production cost of conventional and renewable biodiesel are described.

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“…To examine water shortage issues, most past studies used the index of blue water footprint [36, 39, 43]. While green water footprint index is also used as to address life-cycle water footprint, many studies ignored grey water footprint [43, 45, 46, 50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional water footprints of potential biofuel production in China

Xie

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundDevelopment of biofuels is considered as one of the important ways to replace conventional fossil energy and mitigate climate change. However, rapid increase of biofuel production could cause other environmental concerns in China such as water stress. This study is intended to evaluate the life-cycle water footprints (WF) of biofuels derived from several potential non-edible feedstocks including cassava, sweet sorghum, and Jatropha curcas in China. Different water footprint types including blue water, green water, and grey water are considered in this study. Based on the estimated WF, water deprivation impact and water stress degree on local water environment are further analyzed for different regions in China.ResultsOn the basis of the feedstock resource availability, sweet sorghum, cassava, and Jatropha curcas seeds are considered as the likely feedstocks for biofuel production in China. The water footprint results show that the feedstock growth is the most water footprint intensive process, while the biofuel conversion and transportation contribute little to total water footprints. Water footprints vary significantly by region with climate and soil variations. The life-cycle water footprints of cassava ethanol, sweet sorghum ethanol, and Jatropha curcas seeds biodiesel were estimated to be 73.9–222.2, 115.9–210.4, and 64.7–182.3 L of water per MJ of biofuel, respectively. Grey water footprint dominates the life-cycle water footprint for each type of the biofuels. Development of biofuels without careful water resource management will exert significant impacts on local water resources. The water resource impacts vary significantly among regions. For example, based on blue and grey water consumption, Gansu province in China will suffer much higher water stress than other regions do due to limited available water resources and large amount of fertilizer use in that province. In term of blue water, Shandong province is shown with the most severe water stress issue, followed by Gansu province, which is attributed to the limited water resources in both provinces.ConclusionsBy considering feedstock resource distribution, biofuel production potentials, and estimated water footprints, this study provides insight into the impact of biofuel production on the local water environment in China. Biofuel development policies need to be carefully designed for the sustainable development of biofuels in China.

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Life cycle water footprint of hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel production from lignocellulosic biomass

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Water, Energy, and Carbon Footprints of Bioethanol from the U.S. and Brazil

Water, Energy, and Carbon Footprints of Bioethanol from the U.S. and Brazil

Biodiesel and green diesel generation: an overview

Regional water footprints of potential biofuel production in China

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