Life expectancy of spruce needles under extremely high air pollution stress: performance of trees in the Ore Mountains

Pfanz, Hardy; Vollrath, Birgit; Lomský, B.; Oppmann, B.; Hynek, V.; Beyschlag, Wolfram; Bilger, Wolfgang; White, Martha V.; Materna, Jan

doi:10.1007/bf00196624

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…With regard to analytical techniques, the present results show higher foliar SO4-S concentrations in area B than those of Raitio et al (1995), who used the method of Johnson and Nishita (1952). The samples of Raitio et al (1995) and those from area A were collected later in the autumn than the samples from area B, however, or in early winter, which may also partly explain the higher So concentrations (see Grill and Esterbauer, 1973;Pfanz et al, 1994). Moreover, the higher SO4-S concentrations and SO4-S/So ratios in the c needles than in the c+l needles in area A suggest high absorption of S by young needles (see Sheppard et al, 1994;Manninen and Huttunen, 1995) and a lack of export of excess SO4-S (see Rennenberg, 1984).…”

contrasting

confidence: 80%

Needle S fractions and S to N ratios as indices of SO2 deposition

Manninen

Huttunen

Perämäki

1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Abstract. Needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from 25 and 40 sampling plots in southern and northern Finland, respectively, that had earlier been analysed for total sulphur concentration (St) were reanalysed for foliar sulphate sulphur (SO4-S) and total nitrogen (Nt). Organic sulphur content (So) was calculated as the difference between St and SO4-S. Current (c) and previous-year (c+l) needles were collected from southern Finland in December 1989 and c -c+2 needles from northern Finland in September-October 1990/September 1992. The results show that the St concentration and StiNt ratio in Scots pine needles are good indices of dry deposition of SO2 in general, while SO4-S concentrations and SO4-S/So ratios can be used in areas with low N supply from the soil and/or low wet deposition of N. The normal St concentration in needles of Scots pines growing on a podzol with low N supply is considered to be 500-700 #g g-~ and that of SO4-S 100-200/zg g-~. An increase of 100/.zg g-~ in needle St may be attributed to a rise of 1.4 ~g m -3 in ambient SO2 concentration in areas with relatively low SO2 concentrations (< 15 #g m--). A critical level of 5 #g m -3 as an annual and growing season mean is proposed for forestry in northern Europe (north of 60 ~ N).

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contrasting

confidence: 80%

Needle S fractions and S to N ratios as indices of SO2 deposition

Manninen

Huttunen

Perämäki

1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…was damaged by windthrow. Air pollution felling increased significantly in the late 1970s, resulting in more than 12,000 ha of clearings, 3,000 ha of which were reforested with Norway spruce (Materna 1983;Jirgle et al 1983;Pfanz et al 1994;Walendzik 1994;Zimmermann et al 2002;Lomský et al 2002;Vacek et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the air pollution load in the Jizera Mts.: effects on the health status and mineral nutrition of the young Norway spruce stands

2011

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The article evaluates changes in the forest health status and nutrition, caused by the historical development of the air pollution load, in the Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) stands in the Jizera Mts. The Jizera Mts. are located in northern Bohemia, on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland close to western Saxony (Zittau). The 19 research plots selected on the plateau within the forest sites of the young Norway spruce stands were installed in 1991. Since 1993 the defoliation of the tree crown has been assessed every year; sampling of needles for nutrient analyses has also been undertaken annually. Soil samples were taken in 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2009. Long-term investigation confirmed that the health condition of the trees, evidenced by crown defoliation, is influenced by a combination of various stress factors. To define the relationship between the crown defoliation, nutrients and stress element contents, a linear regression model was proposed. The model for the current year needles demonstrates that the defoliation of the spruce crowns in the Jizera Mts. is a function of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium sulphur and fluorine concentration. The crown defoliation of the spruce stands is increasing with the decrease in the nitrogen and magnesium concentrations and the increase in the sulphur and fluorine concentrations in the needles. The unbalanced nutrition in the Jizera Mts. is affected by the ongoing nitrogen deposition to the forest ecosystem. This is manifested as a disturbed N:P and N:Mg ratios in the needles. Acidification of the soil environment and the phosphorus and magnesium deficiency may be limiting factors to the forest's nutrition in the future. The optimal range of N:Mg ratio (8-30) is relatively wide for the Jizera Mts. The upper optimal limit for the young spruce stands in the Jizera Mts. should be decreased to 25. The comparison of the element concentration in the needles and mineral soil confirmed the nutritional threat and the deterioration in the condition of the spruce stands in the Jizera Mts.

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“…Most studies concerning the interaction of pollutant stresses and mineral nutrient concentrations reported effects on plant growth and yield (Pfanz et al 1994;Trimbacher, Weiss 1999;Ewald 2005). Ke and Skelly (1994) studied relationships between symptoms expressed by Norway spruce foliar and soil elemental status.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral nutrition in relation to the Norway spruce forest decline in the region Horny Spis (Northern Slovakia)

Ditmarová¹,

Kmeť²,

Ježík³

et al. 2007

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:In this contribution we present the results of analyses of selected mineral nutrients in assimilatory tissues of spruce trees at different developmental phases (plants, adult trees) in the region Horný Spiš. The very close connection between mineral nutrient cycling and other physiological processes in the plants has been well recognised. The presented analyses of mineral nutrient cycling were done within comprehensive eco-physiological research assessing the physiology and health status of spruce stands in the study area. The research was conducted directly in the stand (Hliníky locality, Horný Spiš -two research plots: 1. plot with spruce stand in advanced decline, 2. control plot -without visible decline symptoms) and, at the same time as a pot experiment. The objective of the pot experiment was to verify the supposed negative influence of soil environment (in the locality with advanced decline of spruce stands) on the growth of spruce trees and their mineral nutrient conditions. The analyses of the material sampled from the stands revealed high amounts of manganese (Mn T ) that were in the toxicity range on both examined plots. Another negative finding was high amounts of toxic aluminium, primarily in needles of adult trees growing on the plot with symptoms of acute stand decline. This reflects a very low value of pH/H 2 O -3.7 (pH/KCl -3 to 2.8) and total exhaustion of the soil suffering, moreover, from the lack of soil water. As for the differences in amounts of individual macronutrients between the plot with intensive decline and the control plot, no significant differences were found, with the exception of Fe. On the other hand, evident significant differences in risk elements Pb, Hg and Al were found. As for the differences in nutrient contents in spruce seedlings in the pot experiment (variants 1 to 6), we can see significant differences in macronutrient contents (N, P, Ca, K, Mn), in some cases also in risk element contents (Al).

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Life expectancy of spruce needles under extremely high air pollution stress: performance of trees in the Ore Mountains

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Needle S fractions and S to N ratios as indices of SO2 deposition

Needle S fractions and S to N ratios as indices of SO2 deposition

Changes in the air pollution load in the Jizera Mts.: effects on the health status and mineral nutrition of the young Norway spruce stands

Mineral nutrition in relation to the Norway spruce forest decline in the region Horny Spis (Northern Slovakia)

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