Life History and Laboratory Rearing of Sehirus cinctus cinctus (Hemiptera: Cydnidae), with Descriptions of Immature Stages1

Convergence Patterns in Subsocial Insects

“…Such maternal care abounds in certain cydnid burrower bugs. Though most species have only been observed feeding directly on the roots and lower stems of plants (40, 94,140,155,186), recent evidence suggests that seeds constitute a major part of their diet (133). Sehirus hieolor females dig a shallow brood chamber under leaf litter and there they deposit and defend a clutch of eggs.…”

Round-the-clock Homing Behavior of a Subsocial Shield Bug, Parastrachia japonensis (Heteroptera: Parastrachiidae), Using Path Integration

“…Sehirus cinctus cinctus feeds on several species of mint (Lamiaceae), including Monarda punctata L., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britto, Teucrium canadense L., Lamium amplexicaule L., and Lamium purpureum L. (Labiatae) (Sites & McPherson 1982;Agrawal et al 2004); Adomerus triguttulus have been collected on Lamium album L. and Lamium purpureum (Kudo et al 2006); Adomerus variegatus feeds solely on Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai (Ulmaceae) (Mukai et al 2010); Canthophorus niveimarginatus feeds on Thesium chinense Turcz.…”

“…The bugs with extended parental behavior are: Sehirus cinctus cinctus (Palisot de Beauvois) (Sites & McPherson 1982;Agrawal et al 2004Agrawal et al , 2005; Adomerus triguttulus (Motchulsky) (Kudo & Nakahira 2004Kudo et al 2006;Nakahira & Kudo 2008); Adomerus variegatus (Signoret) (Mukai et al 2010); Canthophorus niveimarginatus Scott (Sehirinae) (Filippi et al 2009;Baba et al 2011); and the most studied Parastrachia japonensis Scott (Parastrachidae) (Tachikawa & Schaefer 1985;Tsukamoto & Tojo 1992;Tsukamoto et al 1994;Filippi et al 1995aFilippi et al , 1995bFilippi et al , 2000aFilippi et al , 2000bFilippi et al , 2001Filippi et al , 2002Filippi et al , 2005Nomakuchi et al 1998;Hironaka et al 2005Hironaka et al , 2007aHironaka et al , 2007bHironaka et al , 2007cTojo et al 2005). In a laboratory experiment adults and nymphs of Adrisa magna Uhler were observed to carry seeds of Sophora japonica L. (Leguminosae) to shelter places allowing communal feeding and possible provisioning for nymphs (Takeuchi & Tamura 2000).…”

Morphology, Ontogeny, Reproduction, and Feeding of True Bugs

“…The females of Cydnidae can lay a single egg underground (García and Bellotti 1980 ;Riis et al 2005 ), egg masses in shallow cracks on the soil surface (Sites and McPherson 1982 ), or inside the fruits of Ficus (Moraceae) (Mayorga and Cervantes 2001 ). After that, incubation time can vary from 1 to 4 weeks.…”

“…After that, incubation time can vary from 1 to 4 weeks. Newly hatched nymphs measure from 1.0 to 2.5 mm in length (García and Bellotti 1980 ;Sites and McPherson 1982 ;Riis et al 2005 ), and their development also occurs in fi ve instars, and, even though the time spent in these stages is mostly unknown, studies found they can last from 54 to as much as 180 days.…”