Life-history responses to changing temperature and salinity of the Baltic Sea copepod Eurytemora affinis

Karlsson, Konrad; Puiac, Simona; Winder, Monika

doi:10.1007/s00227-017-3279-6

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…We found a significant effect of salinity on development time at low salinity leading to a shorter development time for both the GOR and STHLM populations. This is in contrast with observations showing that freshwater conditions prolong development time for both freshwater and estuarine E. affinis populations (Karlsson et al, 2018; Lee et al, 2003). However, decreased salinity affects metabolic rates and ingestion rates of E. affinis , and freshwater tolerance increases if the copepods are exposed to sufficient food availability, as in our experiment (Hammock et al, 2016; Lee et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…Eurytemora affinis were collected with 90 µm vertical tow nets in autumn 2014 from the Bothnian Bay (BB, monitoring station F3A5, 65°10.14’, 23°14.41’), the Gulf of Riga–Pärnu Bay (GOR, 58°21.67’, 24°30.83’), and the Stockholm Archipelago–Askö (STHLM, monitoring station B1, 58°48.19’, 17°37.52’). The GOR population has in previous studies shown to develop to adult faster and at a larger size (Figure 1) than the STHLM population (Karlsson et al, 2018; Karlsson & Winder, 2018). Copepods were transported to the department in cooled conditions and placed in a cold room where temperature gradually increased up to 17°C over the course of several days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Eurytemora affinis consists of a species complex with a widespread distribution in the northern Hemisphere (Lee, 2016). Within the complex, both development time and body size differ between populations (Karlsson, Puiac, & Winder, 2018; Karlsson & Winder, 2018). More so, the populations are highly variable in diverse traits, such as morphology, habitat use, ecological effects, and salinity tolerance (Favier & Winkler, 2014; Karlsson & Winder, 2018; Lee, Remfert, & Gelembiuk, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation potential of the copepod Eurytemora affinis to a future warmer Baltic Sea

Karlsson

Winder

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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To predict effects of global change on zooplankton populations, it is important to understand how present species adapt to temperature and how they respond to stressors interacting with temperature. Here, we ask if the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis from the Baltic Sea can adapt to future climate warming. Populations were sampled at sites with different temperatures. Full sibling families were reared in the laboratory and used in two common garden experiments (a) populations crossed over three temperature treatments 12, 17, and 22.5°C and (b) populations crossed over temperature in interaction with salinity and algae of different food quality. Genetic correlations of the full siblings’ development time were not different from zero between 12°C and the two higher temperatures 17 and 22.5°C, but positively correlated between 17 and 22.5°C. Hence, a population at 12°C is unlikely to adapt to warmer temperature, while a population at ≥17°C can adapt to an even higher temperature, that is, 22.5°C. In agreement with the genetic correlations, the population from the warmest site of origin had comparably shorter development time at high temperature than the populations from colder sites, that is, a cogradient variation. The population with the shortest development time at 22.5°C had in comparison lower survival on low quality food, illustrating a cost of short development time. Our results suggest that populations from warmer environments can at present indirectly adapt to a future warmer Baltic Sea, whereas populations from colder areas show reduced adaptation potential to high temperatures, simply because they experience an environment that is too cold.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation potential of the copepod Eurytemora affinis to a future warmer Baltic Sea

Karlsson

Winder

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Compared to the SBP where salinity is higher, the availability of copepod eggs in the low-saline NBP can be a larger source of energy for benthic macrofauna populations (Karlson & Viitasalo-Frösen, 2009). In addition, because the hatching rate is slower in low salinity (Karlsson et al, 2018) the accumulation of a seed bank followed by subsequent hatching could enhance the benthic-pelagic coupling. Our results highlight important geographic differences in meiofaunal communities that are only possible to uncover with modern molecular tools (Fonseca et al, 2010).…”

Section: Geographical Differences In Community Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity drives meiofaunal community structure dynamics across the Baltic ecosystem

et al. 2019

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Coastal benthic biodiversity is under increased pressure from climate change, eutrophication, hypoxia, and changes in salinity due to increase in river runoff. The Baltic Sea is a large brackish system characterized by steep environmental gradients that experiences all of the mentioned stressors. As such it provides an ideal model system for studying the impact of on‐going and future climate change on biodiversity and function of benthic ecosystems. Meiofauna (animals < 1 mm) are abundant in sediment and are still largely unexplored even though they are known to regulate organic matter degradation and nutrient cycling. In this study, benthic meiofaunal community structure was analysed along a salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea proper using high‐throughput sequencing. Our results demonstrate that areas with higher salinity have a higher biodiversity, and salinity is probably the main driver influencing meiofauna diversity and community composition. Furthermore, in the more diverse and saline environments a larger amount of nematode genera classified as predators prevailed, and meiofauna‐macrofauna associations were more prominent. These findings show that in the Baltic Sea, a decrease in salinity resulting from accelerated climate change will probably lead to decreased benthic biodiversity, and cause profound changes in benthic communities, with potential consequences for ecosystem stability, functions and services.

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“…They play an important role in the transmission of energy between producers and consumers of higher orders, being food for many pelagic, planktivorous fish (Williams, Conway & Hunt, 1994; Froneman et al, 1996). Their abundance is highly dependent on the physicochemical variables of the environment (Möllmann, Kornilovs & Sidrevics, 2000; Möller et al, 2015; Karlsson, Puiac & Winder, 2018). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of copepods in the south-eastern Baltic Sea in 2010 and 2011

Dzierzbicka-Głowacka

Lemieszek

Kalarus

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundCopepods are major secondary producers in the World Ocean. They represent an important link between phytoplankton, microzooplankton and higher trophic levels such as fish. They are an important source of food for many fish species but also a significant producer of detritus. In the terms of the role they play in the marine food web, it is important to know how environmental variability affects the population of copepods.MethodsThe study of the zooplankton community in the south-eastern Baltic Sea conducted during a 24-month survey (from January 2010 to November 2011) resulted in the identification of 24 invertebrate species (10 copepods, seven cladocerans, four rotifers, one ctenophore, one larvacean, and one amphipod). Data were collected at two stations located in the open sea waters of the Gulf of Gdansk: the Gdansk Deep (P1) (54°50′N, 19°19′E) and in the western, inner part of the Gulf of Gdansk (P2) (54°32′N, 18°48.2′E). The vertical hauls were carried out with the use of two kinds of plankton nets with a mesh size of 100 µm: a Copenhagen net (in 2010), and a WP-2 net (in 2011).ResultsThe paper describes the seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of copepods, taking into account the main Baltic calanoid copepod taxa (Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp.). They have usually represented the main component of zooplankton. The average number of copepods at the P1 Station during the study period of 2010 was 3,913 ind m−3(SD 2,572) and their number ranged from 1,184 ind m−3 (in winter) to 6,293 ind m−3(in spring). One year later, the average count of copepods was higher, at 11,723 ind m−3(SD 6,980), and it ranged from 2,351 ind m−3(in winter) to 18,307 ind m−3(in summer). Their average count at P2 Station in 2010 was 29,141 ind m−3, ranging from 3,330 ind m−3(in March) to 67,789 ind m−3(in May). The average count of copepods in 2011 was much lower at 17,883 ind m−3, and it ranged from 1,360 ind m−3 (in April) to 39,559 ind m−3 (in May).DiscussionThe environmental conditions of the pelagic habitat change in terms of both depth and distance from the shore. Although the qualitative (taxonomic) structure of zooplankton is almost identical to that of the coastal waters, the quantitative structure (abundance and biomass) changes quite significantly. The maximum values of zooplankton abundance and biomass were observed in the summer season, both in the Gdansk Deep and in the inner part of the Gulf of Gdansk. Copepods dominated in the composition of zooplankton for almost the entire time of the research duration. Quantitative composition of copepods at the P1 Station differed from the one at P2 Station due to the high abundance of Pseudocalanus sp. which prefers colder, more saline waters.

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Life-history responses to changing temperature and salinity of the Baltic Sea copepod Eurytemora affinis

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Adaptation potential of the copepod Eurytemora affinis to a future warmer Baltic Sea

Adaptation potential of the copepod Eurytemora affinis to a future warmer Baltic Sea

Salinity drives meiofaunal community structure dynamics across the Baltic ecosystem

Seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of copepods in the south-eastern Baltic Sea in 2010 and 2011

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