Life-History Strategies of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Relation to Their Successional Dynamics

Hart, Miranda M.; Reader, R. J.; Klironomos, John N.

doi:10.2307/3761678

Cited by 106 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Esta hipótese procura explicar porque algumas espécies de FMA não esporulam da mesma forma em condições ambientais semelhantes (McGee 1989). Avaliando a dinâmica sucessional, Hart et al (2001) sugeriram que os FMA utilizam duas estratégias (colonização e persistência) para sobreviver num ambiente. No primeiro caso se enquadram as espécies mais hábeis em colonizar novos hospedeiros e no segundo, as que conseguem permanecer no sistema (solo / raiz) mesmo sob condições adversas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Diversidade e potencial de infectividade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em área de caatinga, na Região de Xingó, Estado de Alagoas, Brasil

Souza¹,

Maia²,

Sales³

et al. 2003

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Diversity and infectivity potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an area of "caatinga" in the Xingó Region, State of Alagoas, Brazil). The region occupies 2800 km 2 , in the States of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia, and constitutes a preserved part of the Northeastern semi-arid ecosystem. Evaluation of the diversity and density of propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil, as well as of the mycorrhizal colonization in plants of the area was carried out by sampling of soil and roots during the dry (August/2000) and rainy (March/2001) seasons, in two subareas (Piranhas and Olho d'Água do Casado) in Alagoas. More than 95% of the plants, among the 71 examined, formed arbuscular mycorrhiza (5-80% colonization). Among these 30 phanerogamic species, belonging to 14 families, only Pilosocereus sp. was not colonized. The average percentages of colonization (≅ 16-20%) were similar in both sampling periods. There was an inverse relationship between number of spores and the most probable number (MPN) of infective propagules in the area of Olho d'Água, with lower density of spores (< 2 spores.g -1 of soil) and higher MPN of propagules (4.7 and 11.6 spores.g -1 of soil), in the rainy and dry periods. Number of spores and MPN of propagules were similar in the Piranhas area during the rainy season; in the dry season the number of spores was 1.5 times higher than the MPN. Twenty-four taxa of AMF, mostly of Acaulosporaceae and Glomaceae, were identified. The AMF are well represented, forming mycorrhizal association with most "caatinga" plants, despite the severe climatic limitations of the region.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Diversidade e potencial de infectividade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em área de caatinga, na Região de Xingó, Estado de Alagoas, Brasil

Souza¹,

Maia²,

Sales³

et al. 2003

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…We measured hyphal growth rate and spore production because they can be related to life history traits and tillage treatments (28,29). Over a growth period of 15 weeks, the number of spores per cm 2 of medium and length of hyphae per cm 2 of medium were recorded every 3 weeks.…”

Section: Measurement Of Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High genetic variability and low local diversity in a population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Koch

Kuhn²,

Fontanillas³

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

256

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ecologically important root symbionts of most terrestrial plants. Ecological studies of AMF have concentrated on differences between species; largely assuming little variability within AMF species. Although AMF are clonal, they have evolved to contain a surprisingly high within-species genetic variability, and genetically different nuclei can coexist within individual spores. These traits could potentially lead to within-population genetic variation, causing differences in physiology and symbiotic function in AMF populations, a consequence that has been largely neglected. We found highly significant genetic and phenotypic variation among isolates of a population of Glomus intraradices but relatively low total observed genetic diversity. Because we maintained the isolated population in a constant environment, phenotypic variation can be considered as variation in quantitative genetic traits. In view of the large genetic differences among isolates by randomly sampling two individual spores, <50% of the total observed population genetic diversity is represented. Adding an isolate from a distant population did not increase total observed genetic diversity. Genetic variation exceeded variation in quantitative genetic traits, indicating that selection acted on the population to retain similar traits, which might be because of the multigenomic nature of AMF, where considerable genetic redundancy could buffer the effects of changes in the genetic content of phenotypic traits. These results have direct implications for ecological research and for studying AMF genes, improving commercial AMF inoculum, and understanding evolutionary mechanisms in multigenomic organisms.

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“…It has been suggested that the AMF can use two strategies (colonization and persistence) for surviving in an environment. In the first case, species more able to colonize new hosts are included and in the latter the species which remain in the system (soil/root) even under adverse conditions prevail (Hart et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glomalin Production and Microbial Activity in Soils Impacted by Gypsum Mining in a Brazilian Semiarid Area

Mergulhão¹,

Burity²,

Silva³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: Mining activities involve the removal of the vegetal cover and the soil organic layer, causing a severe environmental impact. In Northeast Brazil, 40% of the world's crude gypsum is found in a semiarid area, making this region responsible for 95% of the gypsum demand in the national market. Although economically important, this activity is harmful to the environment. Studies of soil microbiological and biochemical attributes can help in the identification of the limitations of impacted ecosystems, providing data to define strategies for sustainability of such environments. Approach: To evaluate and compare the biological state of preserved and mining degraded semiarid soils, a native preserved area and areas impacted by gypsum mining were selected at the Araripina Experimental Station, located in the semiarid region of Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil. The four sampling areas included: (1) A native, preserved "caatinga" area with spine bearing trees and shrubs and some characteristic xerophytic plants (AN); (2) An area surrounding the mine, presenting the same type of vegetation although already degraded (AM); (3) A waste deposit area (AR); (4) Interface area between the waste deposit and a mining degraded area (AI). Samples were taken in each area (1000 m 2 ) during two periods: wet (December/2003, Rainfall = 28.7 mm) and dry (September/2004, Rainfall = 1.3 mm). Results: Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis values, microbial biomass C and basal respiration were higher in the preserved "caatinga" than in the impacted areas. The gypsum mining activity reduced the concentration of easily extractable glomalin in relation to the native "caatinga" area in both sampling periods. Higher deposits of total glomalin also occurred in the native area, however, mainly during the wet period. Conclusion: The mining activity produced a negative impact on the soil microbiota, reducing the total enzymatic activity. The microbial biomass was significantly lower in the waste deposit area than in the native and interface areas. The results indicated that the mining activity is harmful to the soil microbiota in this area and that glomalin can be a useful indicator of soil disturbance.

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Life-History Strategies of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Relation to Their Successional Dynamics

Cited by 106 publications

References 21 publications

Diversidade e potencial de infectividade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em área de caatinga, na Região de Xingó, Estado de Alagoas, Brasil

Diversidade e potencial de infectividade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em área de caatinga, na Região de Xingó, Estado de Alagoas, Brasil

High genetic variability and low local diversity in a population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Glomalin Production and Microbial Activity in Soils Impacted by Gypsum Mining in a Brazilian Semiarid Area

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