Life satisfaction in relation to attitudes towards immigrants among Europeans by generational cohorts

Bazán-Monasterio, Víctor; Gil-Lacruz, Ana Isabel; Gil‐Lacruz, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.10.005

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Together, these socialization processes are expected to bring about more open and tolerant sentiments toward people of different cultural or ethnical backgrounds. Thus, as previous research indicates ( Bazán-Monasterio et al, 2021;Calahorrano, 2013;Ross and Rouse, 2015;Schotte and Winkler, 2018), for the specific case of Western European countries, younger birth cohorts should hold more immigrant-friendly attitudes than older cohorts, who, during their formative years, did not experience intergroup contact to the same degree. Consequently, we can expect that the process of cohort replacement will, in the long term, bring about large-scale attitude changes toward more immigrant-friendly attitudes.…”

Section: Long-term Attitude Changes Toward Immigrants Through Cohort Replacementmentioning

confidence: 68%

The dynamics of attitudes toward immigrants: Cohort analyses for Western EU member states

Schmidt

2021

International Journal of Comparative Sociology

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Public opinion climates on immigrants are subject to certain dynamics. This study examines two mechanisms for such dynamics in Western EU member states for the 2002–2018 period. First, the impact of cohort replacement and, second, the impact of periodic threat perceptions, namely, changing macroeconomic conditions and shifts in immigration rates. To date, empirical research on anti-immigrant sentiments rarely combines these two concepts simultaneously to disentangle the interplay of period and cohort effects and determine the factors for long- and short-term attitude changes in societies. Motivated by this gap in the literature, I conduct multiple linear regression analyses of pooled data from all waves of the European Social Survey to show that the process of cohort replacement has led to a substantially more positive opinion climate toward immigrants since the 2000s. However, results indicate that in the future, this positive development is likely to come to a halt since younger cohorts no longer hold significantly more immigrant-friendly attitudes than their immediate predecessors. Furthermore, we observe different period effects to impact cohorts’ attitudes. Fixed-effects panel analyses show that the effect of changing macroeconomic conditions on cohorts’ attitudes is low. Changes in immigration rates, however, lead to significantly more dismissive attitudes when immigrants originate from the Global South as opposed to when they enter from EU countries. These insights suggest that it is less economic or cultural threat perceptions, but ethnic prejudice that plays a key role for natives to oppose immigration. Overall, findings suggest that it is not either cohort or period effects driving large-scale attitude changes, but rather we observe an interplay of both.

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Section: Long-term Attitude Changes Toward Immigrants Through Cohort Replacementmentioning

confidence: 68%

The dynamics of attitudes toward immigrants: Cohort analyses for Western EU member states

Schmidt

2021

International Journal of Comparative Sociology

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“…Several factors may influence life satisfaction. There is strong evidence on the influence factors such as age, marital status, education, employment, and income [ 25 ]. Our findings are in agreement with previous studies [ 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is strong evidence on the influence factors such as age, marital status, education, employment, and income [ 25 ]. Our findings are in agreement with previous studies [ 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Luchesi et al [ 28 ] have demonstrated that more negative attitudes to the older adults were associated with life satisfaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Life satisfaction is defined as “a global subjective judgment concerning one’s life overall” [ 23 ], referring to a cognitive sense of satisfaction with life, life satisfaction involves a favorable attitude towards one’s life rather than an assessment of current feelings. There is strong evidence on the impact of other factors for life satisfaction such as marital status, education, employment, income, and being young [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age Differences in Attitudes towards Older People in Poland

Krajewska-Kułak

Cybulski

Aniśko

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Introduction: The attitudes towards older people is essential. Society’s perception of older adults is often unpleasant. Inappropriate treatment of older people in society causes a decrease in self-esteem, a sense of control over one’s own life, a decrease in the quality of life, an increase in anxiety, depression, anger, and sadness. The aim of this study was to compare the attitudes of young people and seniors towards older people in relation to their satisfaction with life and self-esteem. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted online in groups of young adults under 35 years of age (Group I) and over 65 years of age (group II), with 177 people each. Method: The study used the following questionnaires: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Self-Assessment of Own Person (SOP), and Kogan’s Attitude Towards Old People Scale (KATOPS). Results: The satisfaction of life in both groups was average. The mean value of self-esteem was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the group of seniors. Both groups of respondents had negative attitudes towards seniors in the KATOPS. There was a statistically significant correlation between life satisfaction and self-esteem in seniors. Gender, age, education, or place of residence of respondents had no impact on negative attitudes in both groups. Conclusions: Both groups showed negative attitudes towards seniors. No significant correlation was found between the groups and gender of the respondents, and the influence of the respondent’s age, education, marital status, or place of residence. There was a correlation between the respondents’ attitudes in the subscale of negative attitudes and their satisfaction with life. No correlation between self-esteem and age and marital status were found with no dependence on gender, education, or place of residence.

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“…For instance, Dinh et al, (2014) found that prejudicial attitudes (e.g., racism, homophobia, and anti-immigrant sentiment) were negatively associated with psychological, social, and physical well-being among college students in the US. Relatedly, a recent study based on European Social Surveys from 2002 and 2014 comprising 44,721 individuals living in 18 countries ( Bazán-Monasterio et al, 2021 ) showed that rejection of the arrival of immigrants had a strong negative influence on life satisfaction. In addition, the study demonstrated that this effect was stronger for people from Generation Y (born between 1981 and 1997) than for the older generation.…”

Section: Subjective Well-being and Anti-immigrant Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Immigrants Scapegoats? The Reciprocal Relationships Between Subjective Well-Being, Political Distrust, and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Young Adulthood

et al. 2022

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This study examined the impact of native youth’s subjective well-being on exclusionary attitudes toward immigrants, seeking to understand the relationship between subjective well-being, political distrust, and anti-immigrant attitudes over time. Using longitudinal data, we followed three cohorts of native young adults ( N = 1352; Mage = 22.72, SD = 3.1) in Sweden over a period of 2 years. The results showed that subjective well-being did not predict an increase in anti-immigrant attitudes among native youth, but anti-immigrant attitudes had a significant impact on subjective well-being. The data also found bidirectional and mutually reinforcing relationships between subjective well-being and political distrust, and between political distrust and anti-immigrant attitudes. These results highlight that improving young adults’ subjective well-being represents an important basis for preventing the development of political distrust, which in turn could reduce native youth’s susceptibility to adopt hostile attitudes toward immigrants.

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Life satisfaction in relation to attitudes towards immigrants among Europeans by generational cohorts

Cited by 15 publications

References 80 publications

The dynamics of attitudes toward immigrants: Cohort analyses for Western EU member states

The dynamics of attitudes toward immigrants: Cohort analyses for Western EU member states

Age Differences in Attitudes towards Older People in Poland

Are Immigrants Scapegoats? The Reciprocal Relationships Between Subjective Well-Being, Political Distrust, and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Young Adulthood

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