Life table methods for quantitative impact assessments in chronic mortality

Miller, Brian G.; Hurley, J F

doi:10.1136/jech.57.3.200

Cited by 102 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Toxicities of indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 are assumed to be the same, though the relative risks associated with outdoor PM 2.5 are far more clearly established. The health impacts model calculates changes in mortality rates for an individual in England and Wales at each year of age, using a standard life table methodology [37]. Mortality rates are adjusted in response to the difference in exposures compared to a reference dwelling of the same archetype but with ACH yr ¼ 0.5/h.…”

Section: Health Impacts Resulting From Differences In Indoor Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective methods for determining optimal ventilation rates in dwellings

Das¹,

Chalabi

Jones³

et al. 2013

Building and Environment

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a b s t r a c tThe optimal ventilation rate in a dwelling is a trade-off between the requirement to minimize ventilation heat losses to help meet national greenhouse gas emission targets and the need to minimize adverse health impacts arising from exposure to cold temperatures and pollutants from indoor and outdoor origin. This paper presents approaches for exploring these trade-offs based on two implementations of multi-objective optimization that consider both energy efficiency and health impacts. Both methods aggregate the various performance criteria into a single criterion, but the first method monetizes the performance criteria, while the second method weights them in a more general way.Unlike in the monetization approach, the generalized multi-objective optimization approach is found to be robust against scaling of the health impacts and energy savings that is independent of the ventilation rate. As a result it is less sensitive to assumptions made in the models regarding heating system efficiency, absolute health burden level, and dwelling occupancy. It is however sensitive to assumptions regarding pollutant production rates and balance-point temperatures, which affect health impacts and energy savings in a way correlated with ventilation rate.A preliminary application of the methods to a typical UK flat and detached house finds that the optimal ventilation rate may vary with built form. Application of the generalized multi-objective optimization approach in which health impacts and energy savings are equally weighted, suggests an optimal annual average air change rate of 0.4/h for the detached house, and 0.7/h for the flat.Crown

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Section: Health Impacts Resulting From Differences In Indoor Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective methods for determining optimal ventilation rates in dwellings

Das¹,

Chalabi

Jones³

et al. 2013

Building and Environment

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“…Next, in order to quantify the mortality impact associated with derived exposure levels of pollution, a standard life table calculation method [44] was applied to estimate LYs lost. Here, only the effect of PM 2.5 was considered using a concentration-response relationship from the results of the American Cancer Society (ACS) cohort studies in the US (relative risk of all-cause mortality of 1.06 per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 ) [4] following the health impact assessment method conducted by COMEAP [7], We assumed no effect of PM 2.5 exposure for those aged under 30 years to be consistent with the reported concentration-response relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic and urban-rural differentials in exposure to air pollution and mortality burden in England

et al. 2017

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Background: Socioeconomically disadvantaged populations often have higher exposures to particulate air pollution, which can be expected to contribute to differentials in life expectancy. We examined socioeconomic differentials in exposure and air pollution-related mortality relating to larger scale (5 km resolution) variations in background concentrations of selected pollutants across England. Methods: Ozone and particulate matter (sub-divided into PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 2.5-10 , primary, nitrate and sulphate PM 2.5 ) were simulated at 5 km horizontal resolution using an atmospheric chemistry transport model (EMEP4UK). Annual mean concentrations of these pollutants were assigned to all 1,202,578 residential postcodes in England, which were classified by urban-rural status and socioeconomic deprivation based on the income and employment domains of the 2010 English Index of Multiple Deprivation for the Lower-level Super Output Area of residence. We used life table methods to estimate PM 2.5 -attributable life years (LYs) lost in both relative and absolute terms. Results: Concentrations of the most particulate fractions, but not of nitrate PM 2.5 or ozone, were modestly higher in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation. Relationships between pollution level and socioeconomic deprivation were non-linear and varied by urban-rural status. The pattern of PM 2.5 concentrations made only a small contribution to the steep socioeconomic gradient in LYs lost due to PM 2.5 per 10 3 population, which primarily was driven by the steep socioeconomic gradient in underlying mortality rates. In rural areas, the absolute burden of air pollution-related LYs lost was lowest in the most deprived deciles. Conclusions: Air pollution shows modest socioeconomic patterning at 5 km resolution in England, but absolute attributable mortality burdens are strongly related to area-level deprivation because of underlying mortality rates. Measures that cause a general reduction in background concentrations of air pollution may modestly help narrow socioeconomic differences in health.

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“…Gain in life days/months per person a -0.8 to -40 days (-21 days) -5 to -9 days (-7 days) 14 to 3 months (8 months) a Applied to the 500,000 subjects 18-64 years of age making the shift, with standard life table calculations (Miller and Hurley 2003). Numbers in parentheses are the averages of the life gains (a minus sign indicates a loss of life years).…”

Section: Overall Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?

Hartog

Boogaard

Nijland

et al. 2011

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Do the Health Benefits of Cycling Outweigh the Risks?Os benefícios à saúde em andar de bicicleta superam os riscos?Resumo Embora uma mudança do uso de carro para bicicleta possa trazer efeitos benéficos para a saúde devido à diminuição da poluição do ar e a um aumento da atividade física, esta mudança também pode trazer efeitos adversos à saúde como exposição à poluição e risco de acidentes de trân-sito, os quais podem superar os benefícios. Nós resumimos a literatura sobre poluição do ar, acidentes de trânsito e atividade física, utilizando revisões sistemáticas suplementadas com estudos recentes. Quantificamos também o impacto na causa de mortalidade se 500 mil pessoas fizessem a transição de carro para bicicleta em viagens curtas diárias na Holanda. Estimamos que os efeitos benéficos do aumento da atividade física são substancialmente maiores do que o efeito potencial da mortalidade por inalação de ar poluído e aumento de acidentes de trânsito. Os benefícios sociais são ainda maiores devido a uma modesta redução na poluição do ar e nos acidentes de trânsito. Em média, os benefícios de saúde devido ao uso da bicicleta são substancialmente maiores do que os riscos relativos a dirigir um carro para pessoas em transição do modo de transporte. Palavras-chave Poluição do ar, Bicicleta, Mudança, Atividade física, Acidentes de trânsito Abstract Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions and increased levels of physical activity, shifts in individual adverse health effects such as higher exposure to air pollution and risk of a traffic accident may prevail. We have summarized the literature for air pollution, traffic accidents, and physical activity using systematic reviews supplemented with recent key studies. We quantified the impact on all-cause mortality when 500,000 people would make a transition from car to bicycle for short trips on a daily basis in the Netherlands. We estimate that beneficial effects of increased physical activity are substantially larger (3-14 months gained) than the potential mortality effect of increased inhaled air pollution doses (0.8-40 days lost) and the increase in traffic accidents (5-9 days lost). Societal benefits are even larger because of a modest reduction in air pollution and traffic accidents. On average, the estimated health benefits of cycling were substantially larger than the risks relative to car driving for individuals shifting their mode of transport.

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Life table methods for quantitative impact assessments in chronic mortality

Cited by 102 publications

References 11 publications

Multi-objective methods for determining optimal ventilation rates in dwellings

Multi-objective methods for determining optimal ventilation rates in dwellings

Socioeconomic and urban-rural differentials in exposure to air pollution and mortality burden in England

Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?

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