Lifelong Consumption of Sodium Selenite: Gender Differences on Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability in Convulsive, Hypoglycemic Rats

Seker, Fatma Burcu; Akgul, Sibel; Öztaş, Baria

doi:10.1007/s12011-008-8101-3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…After pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide, mice injected with sodium selenite showed greater brain accumulation in females than in males (Minami et al 2002). Conversely, dietary selenite protected the BBB, resulting in lower permeability during chemically induced convulsions in female rats, while male rats experienced higher permeability related to convulsions (Seker, Akgul, and Oztas 2008). However, the combination of selenium and vitamin E reduced permeability during hyperthermic convulsions in both sexes (Oztas, Akgul, and Seker 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Human and Animal Toxicology

Gochfeld

2016

Toxicol Pathol

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Sex, the states of being female or male, potentially interacts with all xenobiotic exposures, both inadvertent and deliberate, and influences their toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, and outcomes. Sex differences occur in behavior, exposure, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics, accounting for female-male differences in responses to environmental chemicals, diet, and pharmaceuticals, including adverse drug reactions. Often viewed as an annoying confounder, researchers have studied only one sex, adjusted for sex, or ignored it. Occupational epidemiology, the basis for understanding many toxic effects in humans, usually excluded women. Likewise FDA rules excluded women of child-bearing age from drug studies for many years. Aside from sex-specific organs, sex differences and sex × age interactions occur for a wide range of disease states as well as hormone-influenced conditions and drug distribution. Women have more adverse drug reactions than men, The Classic Sex Hormone Paradigm (gonadectomy and replacement) reveals significant interaction of sex and toxicokinetics including absorption, distribution, metabolisms and elimination. Studies should be designed to detect sex differences, describe the mechanisms, and interpret these in a broad social, clinical and evolutionary context with phenomena that do not differ. Sex matters, but how much of a difference is needed to matter remains challenging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Human and Animal Toxicology

Gochfeld

2016

Toxicol Pathol

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“…As within the pain literature [56,57], there are reports of sex differences in the BBB which prompted us to examine this topic for the first time in this context. Effects of sodium selenite and antioxidants are reportedly greater in males than in females which have greater alterations of BBB permeability in some models of epilepsy [58,59]. However, other studies show greater permeability in female mice to selenium as compared to male mice during systemic inflammation [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Peripheral Inflammation on the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier

et al. 2012

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BackgroundChanges in the blood-central nervous system barriers occur under pathological conditions including inflammation and contribute to central manifestations of various diseases. After short-lasting peripheral and neurogenic inflammation, the evidence is mixed whether there are consistent blood-spinal cord changes. In the current study, we examine changes in the blood-spinal cord barrier after intraplantar capsaicin and λ-carrageenan using several methods: changes in occludin protein, immunoglobulin G accumulation, and fluorescent dye penetration. We also examine potential sex differences in male and female adult rats.ResultsAfter peripheral carrageenan inflammation, but not capsaicin inflammation, immunohistochemistry shows occludin protein in lumbar spinal cord to be significantly altered at 72 hours post-injection. In addition, there is also significant immunoglobulin G detected in lumbar and thoracic spinal cord at this timepoint in both male and female rats. However, acute administration of sodium fluorescein or Evans Blue dyes is not detected in the parenchyma at this timepoint.ConclusionsOur results show that carrageenan inflammation induces changes in tight junction protein and immunoglobulin G accumulation, but these may not be indicative of a blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown. These changes appear transiently after peak nociception and may be indicative of reversible pathology that resolves together with inflammation.

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“…Acute convulsions were induced in adult and prepubertal rats using PTZ (100 mg/kg, iv) (Sigma cat no: 6500). 25 PTZ was freshly prepared before administration and dissolved in physiological saline (0.5 ml for adult, 0.3 ml for prepubertal animals). Seizure activity was behaviorally monitored.…”

Section: Animals and Induction Of Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%