LiFePO[sub 4] Synthesis Routes for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

Graphene-modified LiFePO4 cathode for lithium ion battery beyond theoretical capacity

“…(i) Limited lithium ion phase-boundary diffusion: the onedimensional channels in LFP impose structural constraint, where the Li þ diffusion can be interrupted by ionic disorder, foreign phases or stacking faults. Interruption of Li þ diffusion impedes the motion of a LiFePO 4 /FePO 4 phase boundary that removes portions of the cathode from accessing to a reversible Li þ intercalation 23 . (ii) Low electron conductivity: during the charging and discharging processes, the charges must be kept in balance with the insertion/extraction of Li þ via electron transfer.…”

Designing Nanocrystal Electrodes by Supercritical Fluid Process and Their Electrochemical Properties

“…The crystal structure of the triphylite LiFePO 4 has been well studied and documented in the literature [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The pure LiFePO 4 belongs to the olivine of lithium ortho-phosphates with an orthorhombic lattice structure in the space group Pnmb.…”

“…The pure LiFePO 4 belongs to the olivine of lithium ortho-phosphates with an orthorhombic lattice structure in the space group Pnmb. The structure consists of corner-shared FeO 6 octahedra and edge-shared LiO 6 octahedra running parallel to the b-axis, which are linked together by the PO 4 tetrahedra [36][37][38]. In our previous study, we have reported the preparation of size, and morphology controlled LiMPO 4 nanocrystals by using oleylamine as both reducing as well as capping agent [29].…”

“…One way to overcome this difficulty was to add carbon, either by use of carbon additive to synthesize the material or adding the carbon source to the precursors during the synthesis process and convert it to thin carbon coating on the surface of cathode particles by carbonization [7]. Other efforts to improve the electronic conductivity includes the addition of dispersed metal powders, doping with several elements and coating with conductive polymers [8][9][10][11]. In addition to above conductive coating development, in recent years the efforts to overcome the inherent deficiency of LiMPO 4 materials have been focused on reducing the particle size to nanometer scale [12][13][14][15].…”

“…Therefore, unlike in bulk LiMPO 4 the Li+ diffusion will be very fast and full capacity can be achieved with nano LiMPO 4 . Tremendous efforts have been made in recent years to reduce the particle size by employing conventional as well as solution-based synthetic method [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Different process engineering of LiMPO 4 electrode materials had been reported in the literature is shown in the Figure 1, with processing conditions such as reaction temperature and time.…”