Lifestyle changes and outcomes of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: a 4-year longitudinal study

Abstract

Background Longitudinal studies have shown that mild cognitive impairment (MCI; a precursor of dementia) reverts to normal cognition (NC). However, we couldn’t find any reports that have examined the lifestyle activity change patterns of elderly people diagnosed as having MCI and their outcomes in a longitudinal study. We determined the lifestyle activity change patterns among elderly people with MCI. Methods The participants in this study were 769 community-dwelling elders who were ≥65 years old with MCI at baseline. Four years later, participants were classified into reverters who recovered from MCI to NC, maintainers who maintained MCI, and converters who had global cognitive impairment (GCI) or Alzheimer disease (AD). We used latent class analysis (LCA) to classify changes in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and cognitive, social, and productive activities of the participants. Subsequently, we performed a multinomial logistic regression analysis with reversion status as dependent variable (the most typical, converters as reference group) and cluster membership as independent variables. Results The reversion rate of 769 participants was 33.3%. The reverters were maintaining multidomain lifestyle activities, converters had discontinued multidomain lifestyle activity or were inactive, and maintainers were maintaining productive activities. According to logistic regression analysis, the activity pattern of continuing to engage in multidomain lifestyle activities and start activity were more likely to recover from MCI to NC (P <.05). Conclusions Elderly participants with MCI who continued their multidomain lifestyle activities were more likely to recover to NC. Even if it does not lead to NC, continuing productive activities is important to maintaining MCI without converting.

The association between leisure activity patterns and the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults

“…The MDA class showed a high level of participation in almost all areas of leisure activity. This pattern has also been reported in previous studies (Hong et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020;Katayama et al, 2021). Of older adults, 21% belonged to the SIA class.…”

“…Moreover, these studies explored the association between each pattern and cognitive levels and did not focus on the MCI stage, a critical status of cognitive decline and cognitive intervention. Furthermore, due to the influence of different cultures, customs, and religious beliefs in different regions, there are certain differences in the types of leisure activities that older adults engage in, resulting in different leisure activity patterns discussed in each study (Amano et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2020;Katayama et al, 2021). Therefore, further studies on the association between leisure activity patterns and MCI risk in the Chinese cultural context are warranted.…”

“…So that we can tailor matching interventions to the unique characteristics and needs of older adults. Fewer studies have investigated activity patterns based on the rationale that older adults can and do participate in multiple activities simultaneously (Amano et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2020;Katayama et al, 2021). Moreover, these studies explored the association between each pattern and cognitive levels and did not focus on the MCI stage, a critical status of cognitive decline and cognitive intervention.…”

Higher remnant cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a community-based cross-sectional study

“…Various factors may be associated with MCI, such as age, gender, education level, genetic factors, chronic disease factors, and lifestyle factors (Katayama et al, 2020;US Preventive Services Task Force et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2022;Zhong et al, 2023). Chronic disease factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, pulmonary disease (Katayama et al, 2020;US Preventive Services Task Force et al, 2020), osteoarthritis (Ribeiro et al, 2022), kidney disease (Viggiano et al, 2020) may affect cognitive function of the older individuals.…”

“…Various factors may be associated with MCI, such as age, gender, education level, genetic factors, chronic disease factors, and lifestyle factors (Katayama et al, 2020;US Preventive Services Task Force et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2022;Zhong et al, 2023). Chronic disease factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, pulmonary disease (Katayama et al, 2020;US Preventive Services Task Force et al, 2020), osteoarthritis (Ribeiro et al, 2022), kidney disease (Viggiano et al, 2020) may affect cognitive function of the older individuals. Hobbies such as watching TV, reading, taking physical exercise, walking, playing cards/chess (Rundek and Bennett, 2006;Geda et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2015), keeping pets (Friedmann et al, 2023), dancing (Zhu et al, 2020) may affect the advanced and instrumental daily living abilities of older individuals, as well as overall cognitive and executive functions.…”