Lifestyle Factors and Risk for Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux in Monozygotic Twins

Abstract

Background & Aims-Lifestyle and genetic factors dominate the etiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. We investigated associations between lifestyle factors and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms, with and without controlling for genetic predisposition.

Effect of Coffee on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

“…For men, there was a significant and inverse dose-dependent association between coffee consumption and GERD symptoms with a 25% decreased risk for heavy users. The gender difference in the associations was statistically significant (Zheng et al, 2007).…”

“…The abstracts of all these articles were reviewed and 15 were original epidemiological studies that evaluated the relationship between GERD and coffee (Pandeya et al, 2012;Bhatia et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2011;Friedenberg et al, 2010;Nasseri-Moghaddam, et al, 2008;Dore et al, 2008;El-Serag et al, 2007;Zheng et al, 2007;Somi et al, 2006;Moraes-Filho et al, 2005;Nilsson et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2004;Castelo Vega et al, 2003;Conio et al, 2002;Chang et al, 1997). These articles were reviewed decrease in the risk of reflux symptoms among people who drank more than seven cups of coffee per day compared with those who drank less than one cup (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4 − 0.7).…”

“…However, the univariate analysis revealed a slight increase in the risk of reflux when the same groups above were compared (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1 − 1.4), although this increased risk was entirely explained by the confounding variable of tobacco smoking. Interestingly, data from the Swedish Twin Registry (Zheng et al, 2007) revealed a gender-dependent association between coffee intake and GERD symptoms. In women coffee use was dose-dependently associated with risk of frequent GERD symptoms, with about a 45% increased risk among heavy users who drank more than 7 cups per day compared with non-users in the univariate analysis.…”

“…Although 5 studies found a relationship between coffee consumption and GERD, the majority of studies found no significant relationship (Pandeya et al, 2012;Friedenberg et al, 2010;Nasseri-Moghaddam et al, 2008;Dore et al, 2008;El-Serag et al, 2007;Zheng et al, 2007;MoraesFilho et al, 2005;Nilsson, et al, 2004;Conio et al, 2002;Chang et al, 1997). A study that was derived from a population registry in Australia (Pandeya et al, 2012) found no evidence that frequent GERD symptoms were associated with coffee consumption.…”

Foods Inducing Typical Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms in Korea

“…In several studies investigating the effect of diet on gastroesophageal reflux, the results have not been consistent. [24][25][26] Certain eating habits, such as eating quickly and irregularly, eating big meals, eating between meals, or eating directly before sleeping, individualized acid hypersensitivity and psychological stress may contribute to the appearance of symptoms. 11,27,28 As shown in our study, females were predominant among possible GERD patients with food related symptoms.…”