Lifetime prevalence of childhood eczema and the effect of indoor environmental factors: Analysis in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children

Kim, Hyo-Bin; Zhou, Hui; Kim, Jeong Hee; Habre, Rima; Bastain, Theresa M.; Gilliland, Frank D.

doi:10.2500/aap.2016.37.3913

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For example, variants at chromosome 17q21 show strong associations on exposure to maternal smoking [83], however, the interaction between air pollution and genes for incident asthma show mixed results in a number of studies [76]. Likewise, the manifestation of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children appears to be on the rise in many countries, and the potential environmental triggers may be dependent on ethnic (race, culture and place of birth) differences, where typically Blacks and non-Hispanic whites show higher AD rates [84,85]. Filaggrin, a filament-associated protein, has been identified most recently as associated with a host of allergic diseases, including AD and asthma [85].…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Field on Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: A Risk Assessment Approach

Ferguson

Penney

Solo‐Gabriele

2017

IJERPH

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Background: Children must be recognized as a sensitive population based on having biological systems and organs in various stages of development. The processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of environmental contaminants within a child’s body are considered less advanced than those of adults, making them more susceptible to disease outcomes following even small doses. Children’s unique activities of crawling and practicing increased hand-to-mouth ingestion also make them vulnerable to greater exposures by certain contaminants within specific environments. Approach: There is a need to review the field of children’s environmental exposures in order to understand trends and identify gaps in research, which may lead to better protection of this vulnerable and sensitive population. Therefore, explored here are previously published contemporary works in the broad area of children’s environmental exposures and potential impact on health from around the world. A discussion of children’s exposure to environmental contaminants is best organized under the last four steps of a risk assessment approach: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment (including children’s activity patterns) and risk characterization. We first consider the many exposure hazards that exist in the indoor and outdoor environments, and emerging contaminants of concern that may help guide the risk assessment process in identifying focus areas for children. A section on special diseases of concern is also included. Conclusions: The field of children’s exposures to environmental contaminants is broad. Although there are some well-studied areas offering much insight into children exposures, research is still needed to further our understanding of exposures to newer compounds, growing disease trends and the role of gene-environment interactions that modify adverse health outcomes. It is clear that behaviors of adults and children play a role in reducing or increasing a child’s exposure, where strategies to better communicate and implement risk modifying behaviors are needed, and can be more effective than implementing changes in the physical environment.

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Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Field on Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: A Risk Assessment Approach

Ferguson

Penney

Solo‐Gabriele

2017

IJERPH

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“…Current epidemiological studies show inconsistent associations of breastfeeding duration, maternal gestational smoking with eczema, when investigated separately [3, 12, 14–18]. None of the studies have yet investigated the interaction of maternal gestational smoking and duration of breastfeeding in relation to eczema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eczema is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by a disrupted epidermal barrier [1, 2] with a lifetime prevalence ranging from 16–20% in the UK and US [3, 4], which is further increased in the developing countries [5]. Characteristically, an early onset eczema often progresses to other allergic diseases [6–9], a phenomenon known as atopic march [8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, cigarette smoke also influences the methylation of AHRR (aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor) [23] indicating a possible link between biological pathways influenced by cigarette smoke and those related to eczema. Existing studies report a protective effect of maternal gestational smoking for eczema in offspring [16, 18], null effects [24] and increased risks [3, 25]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breastfeeding duration modifies the effect of smoking during pregnancy on eczema from early childhood to adolescence

Mukherjee

Sutter

Arshad

et al. 2018

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Background: Cigarette smoke contains compounds similar to coal tar, an ancient remedy of eczema. Some studies have reported protective effects of maternal gestational smoking on offspring eczema; however, others have shown no or increased risks. Similarly, studies linking breastfeeding duration and eczema have demonstrated contradictory findings. No study has yet investigated combined effects of these two factors on eczema. Objective: Since tobacco compounds can pass to offspring via breast milk, we investigated their combined effects on eczema development from childhood to adolescence. Methods: We obtained information regarding gestational smoking, exclusive breastfeeding duration, and eczema at ages 1-to-2, 4, 10, and 18 years from the Isle of Wight (IOW) birth cohort, UK. Using generalized estimating equations we assessed the interaction of gestational smoking and residual exclusive breastfeeding duration (Resid_BF_duration, obtained by regressing the latter on maternal smoking) on eczema over time adjusting for confounders. For the three transition periods of 1-or-2 to4 years, 4–10, and 10–18 years we estimated risks of persistent, incident, and remitting eczema associated with the interaction using repeated measurements. Results: If the mother smoked during gestation, longer Resid_BF_duration was associated with a lower risk of eczema, compared to if she did not smoke. The risk ratios (95% CI) if the mother smoked during gestation and exclusively breastfed for at least 3, 9, 15, 21 weeks are 0.7 (0.6, 1.7), 0.6 (0. 4, 0.9), 0.5 (0.3, 0.8), and 0.4 (0.2, 0. 8), respectively. Additionally, in all three transition periods, the risk of persistent eczema was lower with longer Resid_BF_duration if the mother smoked during gestation. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Results suggest a protective effect of gestational smoking combined with longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding on early onset persistent eczema. Future studies should examine underlying biological mechanisms. Prolonged breastfeeding should be encouraged even if the mother smoked during gestation.

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“…Kim et al 9 demonstrated that exposure to elevated carbon monoxide levels during infancy increases the risk of development of allergic rhinitis and of atopic dermatitis symptoms in South Korean children. Kim et al 10 investigated the effects of ethnicity and environmental exposures on eczema in Hispanic white and non-Hispanic white children who participated in the Southern California Children's Health Study. They reported finding an ethnic difference, with Hispanic white children having a lower prevalence of eczema than non-Hispanic white children, which could not be accounted for by sociodemographic differences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights, strategies, asthma and allergy risk factors, and the allergist/immunologist: Challenges to be met and promises to keep!

Bellanti¹,

Settipane²

2016

allergy asthma proc

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Lifetime prevalence of childhood eczema and the effect of indoor environmental factors: Analysis in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

A Review of the Field on Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: A Risk Assessment Approach

A Review of the Field on Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: A Risk Assessment Approach

Breastfeeding duration modifies the effect of smoking during pregnancy on eczema from early childhood to adolescence

Insights, strategies, asthma and allergy risk factors, and the allergist/immunologist: Challenges to be met and promises to keep!

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