Lifetime prevalence of specific mental disorders among people born in Iceland in 1931

Stefánsson, Jón G.; Líndal, Eiríkur; Björnsson, Julius Kristjan; Guomundsdottir, A

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03118.x

Cited by 87 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Differences may also be due Substance use, mood and anxiety disorders BF Grant et al to diagnostic criteria used in the current study (that is, DSM-IV) and prior studies that used earlier DSM classifications or ICD-10 criteria. Consistent with most prior cross-sectional 27,[50][51][52][53][54][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] and longitudinal research, 2,11-14 incidence rates of MDD and anxiety disorders except social phobia were greater among women, whereas incidence rates of most substance use disorders were greater among men. Also consistent with these prevalence surveys, there were no sex differences in the incidence of bipolar I and II disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

et al. 2008

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The objective of this study was to present nationally representative findings on sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (DSM-IV) substance, mood and anxiety disorders using the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. One-year incidence rates of DSM-IV substance, mood and anxiety disorders were highest for alcohol abuse (1.02), alcohol dependence (1.70), major depressive disorder (MDD; 1.51) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; 1.12). Incidence rates were significantly greater (P < 0.01) among men for substance use disorders and greater among women for mood and anxiety disorders except bipolar disorders and social phobia. Age was inversely related to all disorders. Black individuals were at decreased risk of incident alcohol abuse and Hispanic individuals were at decreased risk of GAD. Anxiety disorders at baseline more often predicted incidence of other anxiety disorders than mood disorders. Reciprocal temporal relationships were found between alcohol abuse and dependence, MDD and GAD, and GAD and panic disorder. Borderline and schizotypal personality disorders predicted most incident disorders. Incidence rates of substance, mood and anxiety disorders were comparable to or greater than rates of lung cancer, stroke and cardiovascular disease. The greater incidence of all disorders in the youngest cohort underscores the need for increased vigilance in identifying and treating these disorders among young adults. Strong common factors and unique factors appear to underlie associations between alcohol abuse and dependence, MDD and GAD, and GAD and panic disorder. The major results of this study are discussed with regard to prevention and treatment implications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

et al. 2008

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“…Furthermore he found that the expectancy of becoming psychotic before the age of 61 was between 4% and 5%. Stefansson et al 13 using the diagnostic interview schedule, carried out a study of a cohort consisting of half of all Icelanders born in 1931. They found the lifetime prevalence of psychotic and major depressive disorders (using the DSM-III classification) to be about 6% in the cohort at the age of 57.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric morbidity in epilepsy: a case controlled study of adults receiving disability benefits

Stefánsson¹,

Ólafsson²,

Hauser³

1998

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Objective-To compare the prevalence of non-organic psychiatric disorders among disabled patients of normal intelligence with epilepsy with the prevalence of similar psychiatric disorders among age and sex matched disabled patients with other somatic diseases. Methods-A case-control study was carried out in Iceland among people receiving disability benefits using information available at the State Social Security Institute. There were 344 patients with epilepsy in Iceland 16 to 66 years of age (inclusive) receiving disability benefits in 1995. By excluding mentally retarded patients, autistic patients, and patients with organic psychoses, 241 index cases with epilepsy qualified for the study. For each case two age and sex matched controls were selected from all patients receiving disability benefits who had cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, or arthropathies. The same exclusion criteria were applied to the controls as the index cases. In both patient groups psychiatric diagnoses were classified into one of the four following categories: (1) psychotic illness; (2) neurotic illness or personality disorders; (3) alcohol or drug dependence or misuse; and (4) other mental disorders. Results-Psychiatric diagnosis was present among 35% ( 85/241) of the cases compared with 30% (143/482) of the controls (p=0.15). There was a diVerence in the distribution of the two groups into diVerent psychiatric categories (p=0.02). This was mainly due to an excess of men in the index group with psychosis, particularly schizophrenia or paranoid states. Conclusion-The results suggest that there is not a diVerence in the prevalence of non-organic psychiatric disorders among disabled patients of normal intelligence with epilepsy compared with patients with other disabling somatic diseases. However, the data indicate that when psychopathology is present disabled patients with epilepsy are more likely to have psychotic illness than the other disabled patients. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:238-241)

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“…Prevalence data were highly sensitive to elements of study design and methodology. Consistent with existing literature, prevalence in females was higher than in males (107,137,138) and 12-month prevalence was higher than point prevalence (139)(140)(141).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Formulating a complete epidemiological profile of major depressive disorder: Investigating the global distribution, risk factors, outcomes, and burden of major depressive disorder

Ferrari¹

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BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been previously recognized as a severely impacting disorder.Although effective intervention strategies exist, access to treatment remains low, particularly in low-to middle-income countries. The purpose of this thesis was to formulate a complete epidemiological profile for MDD. This involved investigating (1) the global distribution of MDD;(2) the global burden of MDD in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and years lost to premature mortality (YLLs) for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010); (3) the contribution of MDD as a risk factor to the distribution and burden of suicide and ischemic heart disease; and (4) the risk factors of MDD and related avenues for further research. Such an epidemiological profile assists in identifying the size of the population who may need intervention for MDD. It provides policy-makers with information that can, along with considerations of cost-effectiveness and equity, be used in resource allocation within the health sector. For researchers, it identifies where the gaps in the literature exist regarding the epidemiology of MDD which need to be addressed with future research. MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to capture studies of the prevalence, incidence, duration, and excess-mortality associated with MDD. Data points were integrated into a statistical disease model using DisMod-MR, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. DisMod-MR predicts epidemiological data for parameters and parts of the world with no raw data and also accommodates known methodological and ecological determinants of MDD.To estimate burden, disability weights measuring the severity of health loss from MDD were obtained from population survey data. These were combined with DisMod-MR prevalence data to calculate YLDs for MDD by age, sex, year, and country. To calculate YLLs, comparative risk assessment methodology was used to explore MDD as a risk factor for both suicide and ischemic heart disease. Data from additional systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses were used to obtain the pooled relative-risk of (1) ischemic heart disease in those exposed to MDD, and (2) suicide in those exposed to select mental and substance use disorders including MDD. For each risk factor-outcome pairing, population attributable fractions were calculated from the pooled relativerisks and DisMod-MR prevalence data. These were then used to calculate the proportion of DALYs originally allocated to ischemic heart disease and suicide in GBD 2010 which could be re-assigned iii to MDD. Finally, an investigation into the risk factors for MDD was presented, with a working example of how two previously established risk factors, child sexual abuse (CSA) and intimate partner violence (IPV), can impact on the distribution of MDD. ResultsThe literature search for epidemiological data identified 116 prevalence, 4 incidence, 5 duration, and 11 excess-mortality studies. DisMod-MR estimated over 298 million poi...

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Lifetime prevalence of specific mental disorders among people born in Iceland in 1931

Cited by 87 publications

References 15 publications

Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Psychiatric morbidity in epilepsy: a case controlled study of adults receiving disability benefits

Formulating a complete epidemiological profile of major depressive disorder: Investigating the global distribution, risk factors, outcomes, and burden of major depressive disorder

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