Light Chain Evolution

Hood, Lee; Gray, William R.; Sanders, Bob G.; Dreyer, William J.

doi:10.1101/sqb.1967.032.01.021

Cited by 238 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…Swine equally express kappa and lambda light chains in serum Igs [51] and in blood and secondary lymphoid tissues [21,104]. Thus they differ remarkably from other ungulates like horse, sheep and cattle that use lambda chains > 90% of the time.…”

Section: The Genomic Potential Of the B Cell Repertoirementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the neonatal B and T cell repertoire in swine: implications for comparative and veterinary immunology

et al. 2006

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-Birth in all higher vertebrates is at the center of the critical window of development in which newborns transition from dependence on innate immunity to dependence on their own adaptive immunity, with passive maternal immunity bridging this transition. Therefore we have studied immunological development through fetal and early neonatal life. In swine, B cells appear earlier in fetal development than T cells. B cell development begins in the yolk sac at the 20th day of gestation (DG20), progresses to fetal liver at DG30 and after DG45 continues in bone marrow. The first wave of developing T cells is γδ cells expressing a monomorphic Vδ rearrangement. Thereafter, αβ T cells predominate and at birth, at least 19 TRBV subgroups are expressed, 17 of which appear highly homologous with those in humans. In contrast to the T cell repertoire and unlike humans and mice, the porcine pre-immune VH (IGHV-D-J) repertoire is highly restricted, depending primarily on CDR3 for diversity. The V-KAPPA (IGKV-J) repertoire and apparently also the V-LAMBDA (IGLV-J) repertoire, are also restricted. Diversification of the pre-immune B cell repertoire of swine and the ability to respond to both T-dependent and T-independent antigen depends on colonization of the gut after birth in which colonizing bacteria stimulate with Toll-like receptor ligands, especially bacterial DNA. This may explain the link between repertoire diversification and the anatomical location of primary lymphoid tissue like the ileal Peyers patches. Improper development of adaptive immunity can be caused by infectious agents like the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that causes immune dysregulation resulting in immunological injury and autoimmunity.

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Section: The Genomic Potential Of the B Cell Repertoirementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the neonatal B and T cell repertoire in swine: implications for comparative and veterinary immunology

et al. 2006

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“…By then, the x-chains had been tentatively characterized as an unrelated structural type P. Independently, Hood et al [22] have isolated two peptides from the tryptic digest of a mixture of all types of pig light chains and determined their amino acid sequences as Thr-Val-Thr-Pro-SerGlu-Cys-Ala and Asx-Glx-Cys-Glx-Ala. With regard to the similarity between these peptides and the With regard to the C-terminal arginine, peptide AE 0.10-T 1 involves the last four C-terminal residues of peptide AE 0.10. Since peptide AE 0.10 contains 24 residues, arginine of peptide AE 0.10-T 1 occupies the 24th position and isoleucine of peptide AE 0.10-T 1 the 21st position.…”

Section: Structure Of N-terminal Fragment Of X-chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Scale Isolation, Characterization and Classification of Pig Immunoglobulin k-Chains

1970

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The χ‐chains were prepared by chromatography and rechromatography of pig S‐sulfo‐immunoglobulin on Sephadex G‐100 and SE‐Sephadex, and characterized by starch‐gel electro‐phoresis, amino acid analysis, molecular weight (25000 ± 2500) and N‐terminal amino acid (alanine). From the tryptic digest of the χ‐chains, the N‐terminal tetracosapeptide was isolated and its amino acid sequence determined as These results provide evidence of the similarity between pig immunoglobulin χ‐chains and the human and mouse type K Bence‐Jones proteins.

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“…The genes for the two light chain isotypes are encoded at separate and unlinked loci, and most species express both isotypes. However, their relative contribution to the light chain repertoire varies considerably [2]. For example, in rodents (mouse and rat) the relative contribution by the k light chain is small, accounting for only approximately 5% of the total expressed [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their relative contribution to the light chain repertoire varies considerably [2]. For example, in rodents (mouse and rat) the relative contribution by the k light chain is small, accounting for only approximately 5% of the total expressed [2]. In contrast, in horse, sheep and cattle, the k chain is the dominating light chain isotype, with only a minor contribution by the j chain [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in rodents (mouse and rat) the relative contribution by the k light chain is small, accounting for only approximately 5% of the total expressed [2]. In contrast, in horse, sheep and cattle, the k chain is the dominating light chain isotype, with only a minor contribution by the j chain [2][3][4][5]. In humans and pigs there is an intermediate situation where both isotypes are expressed and are relatively equal in abundance (60% j and 40% k) [2,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High variability in complementarity‐determining regions compensates for a low number of V gene families in the λ light chain locus of the platypus

Johansson¹,

Salazar²,

Aveskogh³

et al. 2005

Eur J Immunol

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Based on the analysis of a panel of variable (V) region sequences from the Australian duck-billed platypus and the Australian short beaked echidna, the monotremes were found to express a highly diversified Vk repertoire. High variability was observed both in sequence and in length of all three CDR regions. However, all monotreme sequences were found to form a separate branch on a distance tree, and the monotremes appear to express only two Vk gene families. The appearance of all Vk gene segments in one branch on the distance tree gives further support for the notion that deletions of entire V region clans or families, followed by successive rounds of gene duplications may be a relatively common phenomenon during vertebrate evolution. Four different constant region sequences were also identified and a preferential use of certain J segments to each constant region was observed. A more detailed picture of the locus was obtained by analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blot and PCR. The organization of the lambda locus involves multiple V and several constant region genes with one or several joining segments positioned upstream of each constant region, similar to the organization in mouse and man. An mRNA frequency analysis shows that the k light chain accounts for more than 90% of the light chain transcripts in the spleen. The abundance and the high variability indicate that light chain diversity at the k locus contributes significantly to the antigen-binding repertoire in monotremes. A high k to j light chain ratio also indicates that variability in the CDR regions is more important for the repertoire size than the total number of V gene families.

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Light Chain Evolution

Cited by 238 publications

References 0 publications

Development of the neonatal B and T cell repertoire in swine: implications for comparative and veterinary immunology

Development of the neonatal B and T cell repertoire in swine: implications for comparative and veterinary immunology

Large Scale Isolation, Characterization and Classification of Pig Immunoglobulin k-Chains

High variability in complementarity‐determining regions compensates for a low number of V gene families in the λ light chain locus of the platypus

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