Light Environments Differently Affect Parasitoid Wasps and their Hosts’ Locomotor Activity

Cochard, Précillia; Galstian, Tigran; Cloutier, Conrad

doi:10.1007/s10905-017-9644-y

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Other explanations can be that light is perceived as a stress factor by female fruit flies since the main predators of Drosophila (e.g. Dragonflies, parasitoid wasps) are diurnal (Carton et al, 1986; Cochard et al, 2017). The presence of light might also mean the presence of sun and a poor humidity environment leading to an increased risk of desiccation during the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social modulation of oogenesis and egg-laying inDrosophila melanogaster

Tiphaine

Kohlmeier

Etienne

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Being part of a group facilitates cooperation between group members, but also creates competition for limited resources. This conundrum is problematic for gravid females who benefit from being in a group, but whose future offspring may struggle for access to nutrition in larger groups. Females should thus modulate their reproductive output depending on their social context. Although social-context dependent modulation of reproduction is documented in a broad range of species, its underlying mechanisms and functions are poorly understood. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, females actively attract conspecifics to lay eggs on the same resources, generating groups in which individuals may cooperate or compete. The tractability of the genetics of this species allows dissecting the mechanisms underlying physiological adaptation to their social context. Here, we show that females produce eggs increasingly faster as group size increases. By laying eggs faster in group than alone, females appear to reduce competition between offspring and increase their likelihood of survival. In addition, females in a group lay their eggs during the light phase of the day, while isolated females lay them during the night. We show that responses to the presence of others are determined by vision through the motion detection pathway and that flies from any sex, mating status or species can trigger these responses. The mechanisms of this modulation of egg-laying by group is connected to a lifting of the inhibition of light on oogenesis and egg-laying by stimulating hormonal pathways involving juvenile hormone. Because modulation of reproduction by social context is a hallmark of animals with higher levels of sociality, our findings represent a protosocial mechanism in a species considered solitary that may have been the target of selection for the evolution of more complex social systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social modulation of oogenesis and egg-laying inDrosophila melanogaster

Tiphaine

Kohlmeier

Etienne

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…As mentioned earlier, there are contrasting results in the literature regarding host localization; it has been proposed that the host finding capability is not influenced by the presence of the PSN, with host–plant signals and olfactory cues rather than visual cues being the main drivers for host finding [ 20 , 57 ]. On the other hand, some hymenopteran parasitoids species have difficulty locating their host under UV light deficiency conditions, preferring unfiltered light [ 24 , 58 ]. In this sense, we agree with the statements made by Legarrea et al and Chiel et al [ 24 , 56 ], who suggested that the responses of parasitoids to UV light deficiency are species-specific; thus, the result of the utilization of PSN on the host finding capability should not be generalized to every species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-Selective Nets and Pest Control: Searching Behavior of the Codling Moth Parasitoid Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) under Varying Light Quantity and Quality Conditions

Yáñez-Díaz

Rodríguez

Musleh

et al. 2021

Insects

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Photo-selective nets (PSN) are used to manipulate the physiology of fruit crops. Besides their advantages to the crop, PSN potentially affect insect pests and their natural enemies. We aimed to assess the effects of these production systems on the searching behavior of the codling moth parasitoid, Mastrus ridens. We hypothesized that PSN and black standard nets (SN) affect the behavior of the parasitoid by delaying host localization and reducing parasitism. Laboratory experiments were carried out in closed cages under four treatment conditions: black SN, pearl PSN, red PSN, and no PSN as control (uncovered cages). Our results showed that the host localization of M. ridens was delayed under black SN and enhanced by pearl and red PSN. The PSN and the black SN did not affect the parasitism levels. In addition, the initial behavior of the parasitoid during the first 30 min of the bioassays was not affected by treatments. However, females spent most of the time walking around the arena, grooming, or resting, regardless of the color of the net. Parasitism was not affected under the PSN or the black SN; however, this must be verified in field conditions.

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“…(Martinez, 2009). The random distribution of galls according to cardinal directions minimizes parasitoid attacks at some sites since there are studies indicating that light conditions may modify the behaviour of parasitoid wasps (Luo & Chen 2016;Cochard et al, 2017;Kelch et al, 2017). Consequently, such a distribution of galls might be considered as a trade-off between avoiding parasitoids and occupying the most benefi cial galling sites.…”

Section: Source Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Hartigiola annulipes (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) distribute its galls randomly?

Pilichowski¹,

Giertych²

2018

Eur. J. Entomol.

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It is expected that environmental conditions impact the distribution of galls on host plants. Moreover, insects may induce their galls randomly or choose certain parts of a host to induce such growths. This study aimed to determine whether or not the gall midge, Hartigiola annulipes (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), which induces galls on leaves of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica), prefers leaves facing a particular cardinal direction. In addition, we wanted to ascertain whether the galls are evenly spread across three leaf zones: proximal, median and distal, distinguished by dividing leaf area along the midrib. The results show that H. annulipes chose leaves facing various directions in different studied locations, and leaf choice is not restricted to the specifi c leaf area, a parameter that accurately refl ects the light conditions of leaf growth. Moreover, the medial leaf zone was preferred, while the distal zone was avoided. The choice of the leaf zone modifi ed the distance between the mid-rib and a gall. Gall distribution in the crown of trees is probably random, while at the leaf level, it is determined by leaf morphology.

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Light Environments Differently Affect Parasitoid Wasps and their Hosts’ Locomotor Activity

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Social modulation of oogenesis and egg-laying inDrosophila melanogaster

Social modulation of oogenesis and egg-laying inDrosophila melanogaster

Photo-Selective Nets and Pest Control: Searching Behavior of the Codling Moth Parasitoid Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) under Varying Light Quantity and Quality Conditions

Does Hartigiola annulipes (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) distribute its galls randomly?

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