Light Quality Affects Growth and Physiology of Carpesium triste Maxim. Cultured In Vitro

Abstract

<jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of light quality on the growth and contents of photosynthetic pigments and total flavonoids, the parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, antioxidant capacities, and enzyme activities. It was intended to preliminarily explore the internal mechanisms involved for the effect of light quality on the growth and physiology of Carpesium triste Maxim. Stem apex explants were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium under white (W), red (R), blue (B), or a 1:1 mixture of red and blue (RB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for four weeks. The RB induced sturdy plantlets and increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments and total flavonoids, photosynthetic electron transport and efficiency, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the plantlets. Taken together, combinations of monochromatic red and blue LEDs could be used for the best production of high-quality C. triste plantlets in vitro.</jats:p>

Physiological and Proteomic Insights Into Red and Blue Light-Mediated Enhancement of in vitro Growth in Scrophularia kakudensis—A Potential Medicinal Plant

“…Earlier reports suggested that the elevated transcriptional regulation of the PAL upon oxidative stress augments the synthesis of secondary metabolites ( Zhan et al, 2012 ). Similarly, the supplementation of combinations of red and blue lights increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the in vitro plants of Carpesium triste ( Zhao et al, 2020 ) and in the callus cultures of Cinidium officinale ( Adil et al, 2019 ).…”

Light-emitting diode spectra modify nutritional status, physiological response, and secondary metabolites in Ficus hirta and Alpinia oxyphylla

“…Another study also reported that red-light spectrum needed salicylic acid to induce flavonoid synthesis (Ni et al, 2018). However, most former studies on the effects of lighting spectra on flavonoids accumulation were conducted on narrow bandwidth lights, which had only a partial effect on flavonoids synthesis (Zhao et al, 2020). Instead, the wide bandwidth spectrum comprising both red-and blue-light wavelengths had greater impact (Zhao et al, 2020).…”

Application of Light-Emitting Diodes for Improving the Nutritional Quality and Bioactive Compound Levels of Some Crops and Medicinal Plants

“…A previous study reported the importance of light in antioxidant enzyme metabolism [ 41 ]. For instance, the combination of red and blue light at a ratio of 1:1 enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), in Carpesium triste Maxim [ 42 ]. Increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT, was found to be related to the delay in the onset of leaf senescence in C. triste [ 42 ], wheat [ 43 ], pea [ 44 ], and banana [ 45 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

“…For example, irradiation with blue and red LED combinations resulted in enhanced biomass during the in vitro culture of Achillea millefolium [ 115 ], Densribium [ 1 ], blueberries [ 114 ], sugarcane [ 110 , 116 ], and chrysanthemum [ 26 ]. In addition to biomass, chlorophyll content was increased in different plant species cultured under LED irradiation [ 24 , 42 , 117 , 118 , 119 ]. In similar studies, increased total carotenoid level was reported in shoot cultures irradiated with different LEDs [ 119 , 120 , 121 ].…”

“…In several instances, increased bioactive compound production observed in plant species grown in vitro could be maintained under irradiation with different LEDs [ 35 , 46 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 ]. Additionally, increased total phenol and total flavonoid contents were observed in different plants irradiated with different LEDs [ 1 , 35 , 42 , 119 , 135 ]. Recently, increased phytochemical levels have been recorded in important crops and medicinal plants.…”