Light-scattering measurement of the rms slopes of rough surfaces

Cao, Liang; Vorburger, Theodore V.; Lieberman, A. George; Lettieri, Thomas R.

doi:10.1364/ao.30.003221

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since most foods have soft or deformable surfaces, non-contact techniques (among which optical techniques prevail) are preferred because they are non-invasive. Optical techniques are rapid, accurate, and reliable, and can be implemented at the microscale through a variety of instruments (Bennett, 1992;Thomas, 1999): optical interferometry (Cao, Vorburger, Lieberman, & Thomas, 1991), confocal laser microscopy (Pedreschi et al, 2000), light microscopy (Russ, 1986), among others. Recently, atomic force microscopy has also been applied to characterize the surface of foods (Hershko, Weisman, & Nussinovitch, 1998).…”

Section: The Surface Roughness Of Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of food surface roughness using the glistening points method

Quevedo

Aguilera

2004

Journal of Food Engineering

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Section: The Surface Roughness Of Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of food surface roughness using the glistening points method

Quevedo

Aguilera

2004

Journal of Food Engineering

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“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] When a laser beam illuminates a rough surface, the light is scattered into an angle determined by the spatial frequency content of the surface structure according to the size of the in-plane (perpendicular to the light direction) features, their average slope and the wavelength of light used. For a general surface, this will result in a scattered light pattern that will surround the specularly reflected light beam.…”

Section: Scatter Based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial surface finish method comparison for fine finish measurements

et al. 2012

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Measurement of surface finish in industrial manufacturing has traditionally been done by means of either visual comparison with reference plates or by the use of contact stylus based profilers. There are many challenges associated with contact profilers such as stability during measurement in an industrial environment, damage and wear of the tip, measurement in tight spaces or on curved surfaces and just the limited amount of data obtained by a linear scan of the stylus. Many alternative methods have become available such as white light interferometry, focus based systems, and even laser scatter. This paper will present the result of testing of the commercially available methods with particular emphasis on the fine surface finishes demanded in today's manufacturing, then presents some alternative methods that show strong potential to address some of the challenges mentioned above that are not in wide use today. The analysis will specifically explore some of the physical mechanisms that affect the stylus based measurement, as well as the limitations of many of the optical approaches related to view angle and diffraction limited resolution consequences. The area of confocal imaging will be specifically explored as to how it might be used to obtain more complete data on very fine surface finishes.

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“…Experimental studies of light scattering and surface-height statistics were also carried out for "less perfect" samples, such as aluminized ground glass, 23 magnesium oxide ceramic, 16 fused polycrystalline aluminum oxide, 24 hand-lapped stainless steel, 25 diamond-turned brass/nickel, 26 and epoxy coatings. 27 The agreement between theory and measurement was less satisfactory, compared with "perfect" surfaces.…”

Section: Experimental Validation Of Brdf Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of the correlation between surface roughness and light scattering for rough metallic surfaces

Torrance

2005

SPIE Proceedings

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We present an experimental study of the angular distribution of light scattered from several rough metallic surfaces, which cover a range of roughness conditions. The substrate materials are steel or glass; roughened by bead-blasting, grinding, or etching; and aluminum-coated. The measured surface-roughness statistics are filtered by using a composite roughness model. The raw mechanical roughnesses range from 0.21µm to 2.66µm; the high-frequency small-scale roughnesses range from 0.13µm to 0.86µm. The optical wavelength is 550nm, so that the roughness-to-wavelength ratio is of order one. A BRDF model based on the Kirchhoff approximation is used to establish a relationship between surface-height statistics and the angular distribution of the scattered light. Angular distributions calculated with the BRDF model are fit to the measurements. The best-fit roughness statistics from the BRDF model agree closely with those measured for the high-frequency small-scale roughness component. The latter roughness component, which has the highest surface slopes, is thus the primary contributor to the angular distribution of the reflected light. We show that the Kirchhoff approximation can be applied to rough metallic surfaces that have multiple scales of roughness and near-, but not perfect, Gaussian surface-height distributions.

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Light-scattering measurement of the rms slopes of rough surfaces

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Characterization of food surface roughness using the glistening points method

Characterization of food surface roughness using the glistening points method

Industrial surface finish method comparison for fine finish measurements

An experimental study of the correlation between surface roughness and light scattering for rough metallic surfaces

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