Light‐Triggered Inactivation of Enzymes with Photothermal Nanoheaters

Abstract

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Stimulus‐Responsive Regulation of Enzyme Activity for One‐Step and Multi‐Step Syntheses

“…In line with the method of local temperature change for the reversible control over enzyme activity (Section 2.1.4, Figure ), this method has been applied for irreversible off‐switching of enzymes as well . For example, horseradish peroxidase was immobilized on polyethylene glycol‐coated gold nanorods via the biotin‐avidin interaction, and selectively switched off by photo‐thermal inactivation upon heating of the nanorods with irradiation …”

“…Concepts enabling a repetitive, reversible on‐/off‐switching are especially attractive for most applications as these systems offer the general possibility of reusing the enzyme multiple times, for example, for repetitive batch processes. In contrast, irreversible off‐switching, for example, by temperature‐assisted denaturation, would destroy the biocatalyst and make a reuse impossible. This reduces the economic and ecological efficiency of the process, as new enzyme has to be produced for each reaction batch.…”

Light-Driven Catalytic Regulation of Enzymes at the Interface with Plasmonic Nanomaterials

“…5,6 Not only the immobilization of enzymes on plasmonic nanomaterials may enhance their functional properties, 7,8 but optimization of the interactions between enzymes and plasmonic nanoparticles additionally offers opportunities to develop nanoengineered materials for light-controlled biocatalysis. 9,10 For example, combination of the remarkable biological functions of enzymes and the unique optical properties of plasmonic nanomaterials can contribute to applications including cancer therapy, [11][12][13] biosensing, [14][15][16] applied biocatalysis and biotransformations, 17,18 and intra-or extra-cellular nanosurgery. [19][20][21] The suitability of plasmonic nanomaterials to tune enzyme activity arises from their tunable localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR), in the UV-Vis and nearinfrared wavelength ranges.…”

Bismuth Ferrite‐Based Nanoplatform Design: An Ablation Mechanism Study of Solid Tumor and NIR‐Triggered Photothermal/Photodynamic Combination Cancer Therapy

“…Besides, one of the main challenges in the development of PTT and PDT is to investigate the antitumor mechanism as it plays a key role in designing a cancer definitive therapy. Until now, various classes of antitumor mechanism of PTT/PDT have been proposed, including the physical damage of cell membrane (e.g., morphology or permeability), the organelle damage (e.g., mitochondrial membrane potential changes, disruption of lysosomal, golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction), nuclear damage (e.g., changes of specific DNA regions or inhibiting DNA supercoiling transformation) intracellular protein denaturation, etc. However, the researchers to date have mostly concerned on antitumor mechanism of PTT/PDT at cellular level rather than in vivo solid tumor.…”