Lightning Protection of Photovoltaic Systems: Computation of the Developed Potentials

Damianaki, Katerina D.; Kokalis, Christos-Christodoulos A.; Kyritsis, Anastasios; Ellinas, Emmanouil D.; Vita, Vasiliki; Gonos, Ioannis F.

doi:10.3390/app11010337

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Depending on its location, literature indicated that energy infrastructure can be exposed to lightning, sometimes called atmospheric over-voltages, which is one of harmful natural events [45]. Lightning strikes can critically damage significant electric component of energy systems, leading to short-time power cut and disruption in plant operation [90] as well as failure in monitoring system.…”

Section: Lightningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lightning which usually comes with storm is also another concern of the power stations. It may lead to insulation breakdown, grounding potential rise, and panel and/or inverter destruction [45]. Lightning conductors are thus installed at many power plants to minimize the damage from lightning.…”

Section: Climate Risks and Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Projections of precipitation [36][37][38], natural hazards' returning periods [39,40], resulting economic losses [41,42], are among the quantitative results that have been used to define the risks to solar power plants. Climate adaptation countermeasures have been derived combining these climate risks to the exposures of power plants and the vulnerabilities of those power plants toward climate risks [43][44][45]. Nevertheless, solar power plants in Thailand still face disruptions from climate-related events, which leads to a problem statement of whether there are other appropriate approaches to capture the climate-related risks of solar power plants in Thailand and design adaptive strategies for them to survive climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Points of Consideration on Climate Adaptation of Solar Power Plants in Thailand: How Climate Change Affects Site Selection, Construction and Operation

2021

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Solar energy is planned to undergo large-scale deployment along with Thailand’s transformation to a carbon neutral society in 2050. In the course of energy transformation planning, the issue of energy infrastructure adaptation to climate change has often been left out. This study aims to identify climate-related risks and countermeasures taken in solar power plants in Thailand using thematic analysis with self-administered observations and structured interviews in order to propose points of consideration during long-term energy planning to ensure climate adaptation capacity. The analysis pointed out that floods and storms were perceived as major climate events affecting solar power plants in Thailand, followed by lightning and fires. Several countermeasures were taken, including hard countermeasures that require extensive investment. Following policy recommendations were derived from the climate-proofing investment scenario study. Policy support in terms of enabling regulations or financial incentives is needed for implementation of climate-proofing countermeasures. Public and private sectors need to secure sufficient budget for fast recovery after severe climate incidents. Measures must be taken to facilitate selection of climate-resilient sites by improving conditions of power purchase agreement or assisting winning bidders in enhancing climate adaptability of their sites. These issues should be considered during Thailand’s long-term energy planning.

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Section: Lightningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climate Risks and Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Points of Consideration on Climate Adaptation of Solar Power Plants in Thailand: How Climate Change Affects Site Selection, Construction and Operation

2021

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“…The development of PV power generation systems encounters a serious problem concerning their operating safety under lightning threat. PV panels are usually installed in large exposed areas and away from tall objects; therefore, they are especially prone to lightning strike [1][2][3]. After a PV bracket system is struck by lightning, current surges will propagate along its conducting branches and flow into the ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Transient Magnetic Field and Induced Voltage in Photovoltaic Bracket System during a Lightning Stroke

Zhang

Wang

2021

Applied Sciences

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An effective method is proposed in this paper for calculating the transient magnetic field and induced voltage in the photovoltaic bracket system under lightning stroke. Considering the need for the lightning current responses on various branches of the photovoltaic bracket system, a brief outline is given to the equivalent circuit model of the photovoltaic bracket system. The analytic formulas of the transient magnetic field are derived from the vector potential for the tilted, vertical and horizontal branches in the photovoltaic bracket system. With a time–space discretization scheme put forward for theses formulas, the magnetic field distribution in an assigned spatial domain is determined on the basis of the lightning current responses. The magnetic linkage passing through a conductor loop is evaluated by the surface integral of the magnetic flux density and the induced voltage is obtained from the time derivative of the magnetic linkage. In order to check the validity of the proposed method, an experiment is made on a reduced-scale photovoltaic bracket system. Then, the proposed method is applied to an actual photovoltaic bracket system. The calculations are performed for the magnetic field distributions and induced voltages under positive and negative lightning strokes.

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“…To facilitate the digital transformation of energy infrastructure, it is also necessary to encourage the development and introduction of smart grids [2][3][4] and microgrids [5]. A crucial factor for PV system integration is also the assessment of energy potential [6] at a specific location, which ranges from 650 to 1500 kWh/kW p for the area of Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of a Thermo-Electric Model of the Photovoltaic Module under Outdoor Conditions

et al. 2021

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An operating temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) module greatly affects performance and its lifetime. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate operating temperature of the photovoltaic module in different weather conditions and how it affects its performance. The primary objective of this paper is to present a dynamic thermo-electric model for determining the temperature and output power of the photovoltaic module. The presented model is validated with field measurement at the Institute of Energy Technology, Faculty of Energy Technology, University of Maribor, Slovenia. The presented model was compared with other models in different weather conditions, such as clear, cloudy and overcast. The evaluation was performed for the operating temperature and output power of the photovoltaic module using Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) and Mean-Absolute-Error (MAE). The average RMSE and MAE values are 1.75 °C and 1.14 °C for the thermal part and 20.34 W and 10.97 W for the electrical part.

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Lightning Protection of Photovoltaic Systems: Computation of the Developed Potentials

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Points of Consideration on Climate Adaptation of Solar Power Plants in Thailand: How Climate Change Affects Site Selection, Construction and Operation

Points of Consideration on Climate Adaptation of Solar Power Plants in Thailand: How Climate Change Affects Site Selection, Construction and Operation

Calculation of Transient Magnetic Field and Induced Voltage in Photovoltaic Bracket System during a Lightning Stroke

Experimental Validation of a Thermo-Electric Model of the Photovoltaic Module under Outdoor Conditions

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