Lightweight expanded clay aggregate properties based on laboratory testing

Roces, Elías; Muñiz-Menéndez, Mauro; González-Galindo, Jesús; Estaire, José

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125486

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Traditional volume measurement methods require that a sample be immersed in water. Nevertheless, water penetrates the pores of the LECA grains, affecting the results [ 2 ]. Computed tomography is another alternative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compaction affects the mechanical properties of soils, including shear strength or soil compressibility. In geotechnical applications, the currently used measure of LECA compaction is the reduction of the initial volume of the backfill material during its compaction (usually up to 10% [ 2 ]). It is difficult to use other measures of compaction, such as the void ratio, due to the difficulties in determining the particle density of the porous grains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photogrammetry-Based Volume Measurement Framework for the Particle Density Estimation of LECA

et al. 2022

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This paper presents a photogrammetry-based volume measurement framework for the particle density estimation of Lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). The results are compared with computed tomography (CT) and Archimedes’ method measurements. All of the steps required in order to apply the proposed approach are explained. Next, we discuss how the interpretation of open pores affects the results of volume measurements. We propose to process the shapes obtained from different methods by applying an Ambient Occlusion algorithm with the same threshold, t = 0.175. The difference between the CT and SfM methods is less than 0.006 g/cm3, proving that the photogrammetry-based approach is accurate enough. The Archimedes’ method significantly overestimates the density of the particles. Nevertheless, its accuracy is acceptable for most engineering purposes. Additionally, we evaluate the accuracy of shape reconstruction (in terms of the Hausdorff distance). For 95% of the grain’s surface, the maximum error is between 0.073 mm and 0.129 mm (depending on the grain shape). The presented approach is helpful for measuring the particle density of porous aggregates. The proposed methodology can be utilized in order to estimate intergranular porosity, which is valuable information for the calibration of DEM models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photogrammetry-Based Volume Measurement Framework for the Particle Density Estimation of LECA

et al. 2022

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“…In modern technology of lightweight concretes, expanded clay is the most common. Optimization of technological process ensures expanded clay gravel production with a bulk density of 350 -600 kg/m 3 ; expanded clay concrete is characterized by a density of 600 -1200 kg/m 3 and strength of 2 -12 MPa [ [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]]. Possibilities for further improvement of expanded clay technology are often limited by the state of raw material base [ [13], [14], [15]].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granular materials based on expanded sands and their production waste

Miryuk¹,

Zagorodnuk²

2022

KIMS/CUMR/MShKP

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The article presents the results of studies of granular materials obtained by non-firing technology. For the formation of granules, composite cement and magnesia binders containing waste products of expanded perlite and expanded clay are proposed. Mechanical activation of composite binders intensifies the processes of hydration and structure formation, contributes to increasing the strength of materials. The combination of a binder with a filler in the form of waste from the production of porous aggregates ensures a decrease in the density of the binder, the formation of a finely dispersed porous structure of the composite material, the formation of stable hydrates. The porous structure of the granules is provided by the use of porous sand to form the core of the granules. Studies of the structure of granules by electron microscopy revealed that the reliable adhesion of particles of porous sand with a composite binder stone provides high strength of porous granular materials. Cement granules based on expanded perlite sand are characterized by a density of 300 – 400 kg/m3 and a compressive strength of 1.8 – 2.6 MPa. Magnesia granules based on expanded clay sand have a density of 450 – 500 kg/m3 and compressive strength of 3.5 – 5.7 MPa. The work is aimed at creating effective building materials using resource-saving technology, at the rational use of production waste.

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“…Granular porous silicate materials are characterized by a rigid cellular structure. Expanded clay gravel, granulated foam glass, and porous granules of expanded liquid glass are used as aggregates for lightweight concrete [37,38]. However, expanded clay does not provide low-density concrete [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expanded clay gravel, granulated foam glass, and porous granules of expanded liquid glass are used as aggregates for lightweight concrete [37,38]. However, expanded clay does not provide low-density concrete [37]. The structure of expanded liquid glass granules is unstable in composite materials [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foam Glass Crystalline Granular Material from a Polymineral Raw Mix

2021

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The article is devoted to the development of resource-saving technology of porous granular materials for energy-efficient construction. The relevance of the work for international research is to emphasize expanding the raw material base of porous lightweight concrete aggregates at the expense of technogenic and substandard materials. The work aims to study the processes of porization of glass crystalline granules from polymineral raw materials mixtures. The novelty of the work lies in the establishment of regularities of thermal foaming of glass crystalline granules when using waste of magnetic separation of skarn-magnetite (WMS) ores and lignite clay. Studies of liquid glass mixtures with various mineral fillers revealed the possibility of the formation of a porous structure with the participation of opoka, WMS and lignite clay. This is due to the presence in the materials of substances that exhibit thermal activity with the release of a gas phase. The foaming efficiency of the investigated materials increases when combined with glass breakage. The addition of WMS and lignite clay to the glass mixture increases the pore size in comparison with foam glass. The influence of the composition of raw mixtures on the molding and stability of granules is determined. The addition of sodium carbonate helps to strengthen the raw granules and reduce the softening temperature of the mass. The composition of the molding mixture of glass breakage, liquid glass and a multicomponent additive is developed, which provides an improvement in the molding properties of the glass mass, foaming of granules at a temperature of 750 °C. Foam glass crystalline granules have polymodal porosity, characterized by a density of 330–350 kg/m3, a compressive strength of 3.2–3.7 MPa, and a thermal conductivity of 0.057–0.061 W/(m·°C). Accordingly, the developed granules have a high potential use in structural and heat-insulating concretes.

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Lightweight expanded clay aggregate properties based on laboratory testing

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Photogrammetry-Based Volume Measurement Framework for the Particle Density Estimation of LECA

Photogrammetry-Based Volume Measurement Framework for the Particle Density Estimation of LECA

Granular materials based on expanded sands and their production waste

Foam Glass Crystalline Granular Material from a Polymineral Raw Mix

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