Lightweight novel trust based framework for IoT enabled wireless network communications

Abstract

For IoT enabled networks, the security and privacy is one of the important research challenge due to open nature of wireless communications, especially for the networks like Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). The characteristics like heterogeneity, constrained resources, scalability requirements, uncontrolled environment etc. makes the problems of security and privacy even more challenging. Additionally, the high degree of availability needs of IoT networks may compromise the integrity and confidentially of communication data. The security threats mainly performed during the operations of data routing, hence designing the secure routing protocol main research challenge for IoT networks. In this paper, to design the lightweight security algorithm the use of Named Data Networking (NDN) which provides the benefits applicable for IoT applications like built-in data provenance assurance, stateful forwarding etc. Therefore the novel security framework NDN based Cross-layer Attack Resistant Protocol (NCARP) proposed in this paper. In NCARP, we designed the cross-layer security technique to identify the malicious attackers in network to overcome the problems like routing overhead of cryptography and trust based techniques. The parameters from the physical layer, Median Access Control (MAC) layer, and routing/network layer used to compute and averages the trust score of each highly mobility nodes while detecting the attackers and establishing the communication links. The simulation results of NCARP is measured and compared in terms of precision, recall, throughput, packets dropped, and overhead rate with state-of-art solutions.

Soft public key cipher

“…Merkle and Hellman convert it to a Trapdoor Knapsack [4], which hard to solve -choose A=(a 1 ,a 2 ,….a n ) , a i  -choose U2a n  -choose W so that gcd(U,W)=1 -compute W -1 = W (u)-1 mod U -compute E A =W*A mod U Where E A is public-key,A and W -1 are secrete to encipher is : C=E A *M To decipher : C'=w -1 *C mod U you have A and C' solve linearly form C'=A*M 2.3.1 Example: if A=(1,3,5,10) -U=20 -W=7 , gcd(7,20)=1 -then W -1 =W (U)-1 mod U =7 (7)-1 mod 7 =7 6-1 mod 7 =3 -E A =(7,1,15,10) (7*1 mod 20 , 7*3 mod 20 ,7*5 mod 20 ,7*10 mod 20) let the plaintext (M=13) then M=(1,1,0,1) to encipher is: C=E A *M=(7+1+10)=18 to decipher is: C'=C*W -1 mod U =3*18 mod 20 =14 C'=A*M=14= (1,3,5,10).M by snap(14,A*M) ,we get M=(1,1,0,1)…”

“…In the same manner of soft simple Knapsack . as example if -A=(1,3,5,10,20,80,160) -U=320 -W=7 ,gcd(7,320)=1 -compute W -1 =7 (320)-1 mod320 =7 63 mod320=183 -E A =W*A mod U =(1*7 mod 320,7*7 mod 320,5*7 mod320,10*7mod320,20*7 mod320,40*7mod320,80*7mod320,160*7 mod320) = (7,21,35,70,140,280,240,160) let H 1 =(01000111) then to encipher is: C=E A *H=701 to decipher is: C'=C*W -1 mod U =701*183 mod 320=283 C'=A*H 5 =5= (1,3,5,10,20,40,80,160…”

“…A high SNR at the receiver allows an accurate synchronization. Various modulation formats applies to exploit the high SNR available at receiver for decoding and This scale Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is used which represents the light accuracy between the ratio of the maximum value of the signal potential forces with the power of noise sabotage [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

A new algorithm for implementing message authentication and integrity in software implementations

“…Parallel encryption mechanisms can be used but have their disadvantages. Tsudik highlighted the [1] disadvantages such as speed, cost factor, optimization of data sizes and so on. These methods combine the functions of confidentiality and authentication.…”

Study of environmentally sustainable security in wireless sensor networks

“…The researchers in the security of the WSNs have suggested many security systems that have been improved for these networks with resource limitations. A number of safe and effective routing protocols [3,4][5] [6] and encryption techniques [7,8] [9] and secure data aggregation [10,11] [12], and the key management [13,14] [15] were suggested by many WSNs security researchers. The paper is structured as follows.…”